PEMF for Pain Relief
Even though PEMF helps with an incredibly wide range of conditions, the primary reason people invest in a PEMF device is for pain relief, a benefit supported by hundreds of clinical studies. I have talked to well over a thousand people the past 18 years, giving PEMF guidance and recommendations, and most people get a PEMF device to address some form of pain, whether it is from an injury, arthritis, headaches, low back pain, neck pain, knee pain, shoulder pain, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, etc. And the number one testimonial I receive is pain relief (along with actual healing and regeneration)! And for me, most of my own personal testimonials with PEMF come from it helping me to heal myself from pain of all forms over the past 18 years of using PEMF. I don't have chronic pain, but I have successfully used PEMF with several acute injuries, including two car accidents, other injuries from life, lower back pain, neck pain, headaches, post workout soreness, pickleball aches and pains (usually ankle, knee, elbow and shoulder), skin irritations, bug bites, burns, and other forms of pain. PEMF always comes to the rescue. I tell people all the time, I don't know how they can live without PEMF. Simply put, PEMF's popularity is on the rise because it works!
While this book serves as a buyer's guide for selecting the best PEMF device for you and your family, this chapter explores why PEMF may be the most effective pain solution available today! If you are suffering from pain, please know that you do not have to! Of course PEMF does so much more than pain relief, as I have discussed in the overview of PEMF research, but I want to dedicate a chapter to PEMF and pain relief because this is where PEMF really shines and works better than any other form of energy medicine or nutraceuticals I have experienced and/or worked with in my 30 years in the holistic and energy medicine industry. And it's not just my opinion — below is a sampling of PEMF research on various types of pain, including healing and regeneration, which fixes the problem so the pain goes away for good!
Even though PEMF helps with an incredibly wide range of conditions, the primary reason people invest in a PEMF device is for pain relief, a benefit supported by hundreds of clinical studies. I have talked to well over a thousand people the past 18 years, giving PEMF guidance and recommendations, and most people get a PEMF device to address some form of pain, whether it is from an injury, arthritis, headaches, low back pain, neck pain, knee pain, shoulder pain, neuropathic pain, fibromyalgia, etc. And the number one testimonial I receive is pain relief (along with actual healing and regeneration)! And for me, most of my own personal testimonials with PEMF come from it helping me to heal myself from pain of all forms over the past 18 years of using PEMF. I don't have chronic pain, but I have successfully used PEMF with several acute injuries, including two car accidents, other injuries from life, lower back pain, neck pain, headaches, post workout soreness, pickleball aches and pains (usually ankle, knee, elbow and shoulder), skin irritations, bug bites, burns, and other forms of pain. PEMF always comes to the rescue. I tell people all the time, I don't know how they can live without PEMF. Simply put, PEMF's popularity is on the rise because it works!
While this book serves as a buyer's guide for selecting the best PEMF device for you and your family, this chapter explores why PEMF may be the most effective pain solution available today! If you are suffering from pain, please know that you do not have to! Of course PEMF does so much more than pain relief, as I have discussed in the overview of PEMF research, but I want to dedicate a chapter to PEMF and pain relief because this is where PEMF really shines and works better than any other form of energy medicine or nutraceuticals I have experienced and/or worked with in my 30 years in the holistic and energy medicine industry. And it's not just my opinion — below is a sampling of PEMF research on various types of pain, including healing and regeneration, which fixes the problem so the pain goes away for good!
Sampling of PEMF Studies for PAIN Relief
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Pain in Different Body Parts
Low Back Pain [233,291,292,297,299,408,572-574] Neck Pain* [301,422,425-427,481] Migraine/Headache [234, 288-290,383, 419,420, 491,575] Shoulder Pain [58,293] Knee Pain [356,404,405,423,425,478,480,519] Pelvic/Hip Pain [294,430,482] Pain Conditions Arthritis/Osteoarthritis [395-397,403,478-482] Fibromylagia [407, 454,486-488] Neuropathic Pain [577,578] Postoperative pain [295,298,580,581] Complex regional pain syndrome [576] Cancer Pain [317,579] Sprains, strains, and muscle soreness [242, 300,582] Mental Health (Psychological Perception of Pain) Stress/Anxiety/Depression* [251-254, 444-454,359-364] |
General Actions of Pain Relief
Increase Endorphins [235, 424, 475, 571] Relax/Reduce Muscle Tension [377] Reduce inflammation [341-349] Reduce Swelling and Edema* [410-412] Promotes Circulation [56-70,84-86, 286, 376-378]. Healing and Regeneration (Fixes the Problem) Bone health/fracture healing/regeneration* [287,302,312,500-504] Osteoporosis [313-315] Nerve regeneration [334-340,505-507] Wound Healing/Recovery from Surgery/general regeneration* [350-358], Prosthetic integration/loosening* [379-381] Cartilage/joint regeneration [382-383] Tendon regeneration [401-402] Ligament healing [404] Collagen synthesis [405-406] Spinal Disc regeneration [408] |
In this chapter we'll first explore what pain is, and the current chronic pain epidemic in the U.S and the failure of the standard medical approaches to pain. We will then explain why PEMF therapy works so well for pain and why it is a better, safer, research-backed and more effective solution to pain then the traditional medical approaches.
What is Pain?
Pain can be extremely useful - it is an invaluable alarm system that signals danger. It tells us the stove is hot, that our foot has a cut, that lifting a weight that is too heavy will tear a muscle, or that we have an infection or a wound. Basically, pain signals that something is wrong, and we need to address it to allow the damaged parts of the body to heal. Without pain, you could severely burn yourself, walk around with broken limbs, or develop festering sores and not know (this is what can happen to diabetics when they lose feeling in their legs).
Acute vs Chronic Pain
Acute pain is obvious in that it occurs immediately from an accident, injury, surgery, tooth extraction, etc. Chronic pain is pain that lasts, or comes and goes, over multiple months or years (usually defined as any pain lasting for more than three months). It may result from a variety of health conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, subluxations in the back, spinal disc degeneration, chronic migraine, or cancer.
Pain is Electrical
When we get hurt, certain nerve cells called nociceptors sense the damage and send bioelectrical signals through the spinal cord to the brain. This is how we feel pain. Local anaesthetics, like those used by dentists, work by blocking sodium channels. This stops the electrical signals from traveling from the nerves in your teeth to your brain. If the signal is blocked, you do not feel pain.
What Creates These Perceptions of Pain?
The brain responds to bioelectrical pain signals through multiple mechanisms. The most immediate response involves activation of motor pathways, which prompt rapid withdrawal from harmful stimuli such as a hot surface. Sensory pathways also transmit pain signals to various brain regions, providing information about the location, intensity, and quality of the pain, such as whether it is sharp, burning, or dull. Pain is ultimately experienced as a construct of brain activity. As we'll see, this is why it is a good idea to use a full body PEMF mat AND use local PEMF applicators on BOTH the injured area AND the brain to stop the pain (and start the healing).
Perception of pain is highly variable. Even when sensory nerve input remains constant, the processing of these signals is significantly influenced by factors such as attention, mood, and expectation, which can dramatically alter the subjective experience of pain. Emotional states can render a placebo pill effective as a painkiller despite the absence of active ingredients, while fear of pain can intensify its impact, a phenomenon known as the nocebo effect. Excessive focus on pain and negative attitudes can exacerbate the perception of pain.
Morphine - Pain Remedy used for Millennia
Morphine, named after the Greek god of sleep, functions as a potent sedative and analgesic. It induces relaxation, euphoria, and significant pain relief. For thousands of years, morphine has been used both medicinally and recreationally, primarily in the form of opium, an extract of the opium poppy. Morphine stimulates the brain's reward centers, and excessive use can lead to intense pleasure followed by cravings, contributing to its high potential for addiction. Consequently, opioid drugs, derived from opium, remain among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals for pain management. Research in the last century revealed that the brain, spinal cord, and other tissues possess natural opioid receptors.
The Body's Natural Solution to Pain - Endorphins
The discovery of opioid receptors led to subsequent research that the body produces its own opioids called endorphins (along with other opioids like enkephalins, dynorphins, endomorphin, and nociceptin/orphanin). Endorphins and other endogenous opioids are chemicals produced by the body in response to pain. They are also the chemicals that produce the feeling of well-being you get from running ("runners high") and other forms of intensive exercise, and laughter, too! Endorphins and natural opioids suppress electrical impulses in pain nerve cells. As we'll see, PEMF triggers endorphin release, which is one of the reasons it works so well for pain relief. Use PEMF, laughter, and exercise to get a natural high and pain relief, NOT pharmaceuticals and drugs! Let's now look at the current Pain Epidemic in the U.S. and why natural solutions to pain like PEMF therapy are so desperately needed in America more than ever!
Pain can be extremely useful - it is an invaluable alarm system that signals danger. It tells us the stove is hot, that our foot has a cut, that lifting a weight that is too heavy will tear a muscle, or that we have an infection or a wound. Basically, pain signals that something is wrong, and we need to address it to allow the damaged parts of the body to heal. Without pain, you could severely burn yourself, walk around with broken limbs, or develop festering sores and not know (this is what can happen to diabetics when they lose feeling in their legs).
Acute vs Chronic Pain
Acute pain is obvious in that it occurs immediately from an accident, injury, surgery, tooth extraction, etc. Chronic pain is pain that lasts, or comes and goes, over multiple months or years (usually defined as any pain lasting for more than three months). It may result from a variety of health conditions, such as arthritis, fibromyalgia, subluxations in the back, spinal disc degeneration, chronic migraine, or cancer.
Pain is Electrical
When we get hurt, certain nerve cells called nociceptors sense the damage and send bioelectrical signals through the spinal cord to the brain. This is how we feel pain. Local anaesthetics, like those used by dentists, work by blocking sodium channels. This stops the electrical signals from traveling from the nerves in your teeth to your brain. If the signal is blocked, you do not feel pain.
What Creates These Perceptions of Pain?
The brain responds to bioelectrical pain signals through multiple mechanisms. The most immediate response involves activation of motor pathways, which prompt rapid withdrawal from harmful stimuli such as a hot surface. Sensory pathways also transmit pain signals to various brain regions, providing information about the location, intensity, and quality of the pain, such as whether it is sharp, burning, or dull. Pain is ultimately experienced as a construct of brain activity. As we'll see, this is why it is a good idea to use a full body PEMF mat AND use local PEMF applicators on BOTH the injured area AND the brain to stop the pain (and start the healing).
Perception of pain is highly variable. Even when sensory nerve input remains constant, the processing of these signals is significantly influenced by factors such as attention, mood, and expectation, which can dramatically alter the subjective experience of pain. Emotional states can render a placebo pill effective as a painkiller despite the absence of active ingredients, while fear of pain can intensify its impact, a phenomenon known as the nocebo effect. Excessive focus on pain and negative attitudes can exacerbate the perception of pain.
Morphine - Pain Remedy used for Millennia
Morphine, named after the Greek god of sleep, functions as a potent sedative and analgesic. It induces relaxation, euphoria, and significant pain relief. For thousands of years, morphine has been used both medicinally and recreationally, primarily in the form of opium, an extract of the opium poppy. Morphine stimulates the brain's reward centers, and excessive use can lead to intense pleasure followed by cravings, contributing to its high potential for addiction. Consequently, opioid drugs, derived from opium, remain among the most commonly prescribed pharmaceuticals for pain management. Research in the last century revealed that the brain, spinal cord, and other tissues possess natural opioid receptors.
The Body's Natural Solution to Pain - Endorphins
The discovery of opioid receptors led to subsequent research that the body produces its own opioids called endorphins (along with other opioids like enkephalins, dynorphins, endomorphin, and nociceptin/orphanin). Endorphins and other endogenous opioids are chemicals produced by the body in response to pain. They are also the chemicals that produce the feeling of well-being you get from running ("runners high") and other forms of intensive exercise, and laughter, too! Endorphins and natural opioids suppress electrical impulses in pain nerve cells. As we'll see, PEMF triggers endorphin release, which is one of the reasons it works so well for pain relief. Use PEMF, laughter, and exercise to get a natural high and pain relief, NOT pharmaceuticals and drugs! Let's now look at the current Pain Epidemic in the U.S. and why natural solutions to pain like PEMF therapy are so desperately needed in America more than ever!
The Pain Epidemic in the United States
According to the National Health Interview Survey and the CDC, about 116 million Americans live with chronic pain. The most common types include lower back pain, severe headaches or migraines, neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, neuropathic pain, and complex conditions like fibromyalgia. In fact, more people experience these kinds of pain than cancer, heart disease, and diabetes combined. Of these cases, 17 million are considered high-impact chronic pain, which means the pain is so severe that it disrupts daily activities like work, socializing, and self-care [43].
Two main causes of Chronic Pain: Back Pain and Arthritis
Back problems are one of the most common reasons people visit their doctors. Nearly 65 million Americans have had back pain recently. About 16 million adults, or 8 percent of all adults, live with ongoing back pain that limits their daily activities. Back pain is also the sixth most expensive health condition in the United States, with total costs—both medical and indirect—exceeding $12 billion each year [44].
The CDC reports that between 2019 and 2021, 53 million adults in the United States had arthritis, which is about one in five adults. Arthritis often develops from autoimmune disorders, injuries, or the gradual wearing down of joints as people age, causing inflammation and pain. Over time, this can lead to osteoarthritis, where the cartilage that protects the ends of bones in the joints breaks down. This process is similar to how the treads on tires wear out over time, which is why osteoarthritis is more common in older adults. The same CDC report notes that about 32.5 million adults in the United States have osteoarthritis, or roughly 13 percent of the adult population.
According to the National Health Interview Survey and the CDC, about 116 million Americans live with chronic pain. The most common types include lower back pain, severe headaches or migraines, neck pain, arthritis or joint pain, neuropathic pain, and complex conditions like fibromyalgia. In fact, more people experience these kinds of pain than cancer, heart disease, and diabetes combined. Of these cases, 17 million are considered high-impact chronic pain, which means the pain is so severe that it disrupts daily activities like work, socializing, and self-care [43].
Two main causes of Chronic Pain: Back Pain and Arthritis
Back problems are one of the most common reasons people visit their doctors. Nearly 65 million Americans have had back pain recently. About 16 million adults, or 8 percent of all adults, live with ongoing back pain that limits their daily activities. Back pain is also the sixth most expensive health condition in the United States, with total costs—both medical and indirect—exceeding $12 billion each year [44].
The CDC reports that between 2019 and 2021, 53 million adults in the United States had arthritis, which is about one in five adults. Arthritis often develops from autoimmune disorders, injuries, or the gradual wearing down of joints as people age, causing inflammation and pain. Over time, this can lead to osteoarthritis, where the cartilage that protects the ends of bones in the joints breaks down. This process is similar to how the treads on tires wear out over time, which is why osteoarthritis is more common in older adults. The same CDC report notes that about 32.5 million adults in the United States have osteoarthritis, or roughly 13 percent of the adult population.
Typical Allopathic Remedies for Pain Relief (Drugs, Injections, Surgery)
The standard medical approaches for pain are purely symptomatic, which have a "numbing and dumbing effect". For mild pain, doctors will prescribe non-prescription, over-the-counter (OTC) medications that act on cells where the pain signals start. These are also called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Examples are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil), and naproxen (Aleve). For some forms of pain, this is not only not good enough, but even OTCs can have side effects. 16,000 Americans a year with arthritis die from gastric bleeding from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen. Thousands of others have permanent kidney damage from the NSAIDs [34,44]. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is technically not an NSAID, but also works symptomatically to shut off pain, and has side effects in large doses, which include, most seriously potential liver toxicity, which can even be fatal [32,33].
The standard medical approaches for pain are purely symptomatic, which have a "numbing and dumbing effect". For mild pain, doctors will prescribe non-prescription, over-the-counter (OTC) medications that act on cells where the pain signals start. These are also called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Examples are aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil), and naproxen (Aleve). For some forms of pain, this is not only not good enough, but even OTCs can have side effects. 16,000 Americans a year with arthritis die from gastric bleeding from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like aspirin and ibuprofen. Thousands of others have permanent kidney damage from the NSAIDs [34,44]. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is technically not an NSAID, but also works symptomatically to shut off pain, and has side effects in large doses, which include, most seriously potential liver toxicity, which can even be fatal [32,33].
When over-the-counter pain medications are insufficient, physicians may prescribe stronger opioid analgesics such as OxyContin, Vicodin, Percocet, morphine, or fentanyl. These medications mimic the effects of endorphins to block pain signals, but they are highly addictive and have significantly contributed to the opioid crisis in the United States. Prolonged use of synthetic opioids diminishes the body's natural opioid production, often resulting in the need for higher dosages. Individuals may develop dependence on these drugs for pain management and become addicted to the euphoria they induce.
Opioid-related deaths have approximately quadrupled over the past decade for which comprehensive data are available. In 2021, fatalities reached 80,411, representing a record high. Opioids are the predominant cause of overdose deaths in the United States. In addition to the risk of addiction, the most severe adverse effect of opioids is respiratory depression, which frequently results in fatal overdoses. Other common side effects include headaches, nausea, cognitive impairment, and fatigue.
Steroid/Cortisone Injections for Inflammation
In addition to NSAIDs and opioids, doctors often use steroid or cortisone injections to manage pain. The main goal of steroids is to lower inflammation. The downside of steroid or cortisone injections is that they can weaken and even destroy the connective tissues and joints, into which they are injected (evidenced by pock marks or "pits" in the skin). Because of this and other complications like weight gain, swelling in the face, worsening diabetes and infections, one can only get a limited number of steroid injections.
If pain medications and cortisone shots are not effective, surgery may be the next step, but it is invasive and can lead to many complications. Hip and knee replacement surgeries are by far the most common procedures, with well over a million people yearly getting these two surgeries alone. Complications from these procedures include infections, nerve damage, blood clots, wound problems, pain and stiffness, and increased likelihood for fractures. In the case of hip replacement procedures additional complications include dislocation and loosening of the joint making another surgery potentially necessary.
Opioid-related deaths have approximately quadrupled over the past decade for which comprehensive data are available. In 2021, fatalities reached 80,411, representing a record high. Opioids are the predominant cause of overdose deaths in the United States. In addition to the risk of addiction, the most severe adverse effect of opioids is respiratory depression, which frequently results in fatal overdoses. Other common side effects include headaches, nausea, cognitive impairment, and fatigue.
Steroid/Cortisone Injections for Inflammation
In addition to NSAIDs and opioids, doctors often use steroid or cortisone injections to manage pain. The main goal of steroids is to lower inflammation. The downside of steroid or cortisone injections is that they can weaken and even destroy the connective tissues and joints, into which they are injected (evidenced by pock marks or "pits" in the skin). Because of this and other complications like weight gain, swelling in the face, worsening diabetes and infections, one can only get a limited number of steroid injections.
If pain medications and cortisone shots are not effective, surgery may be the next step, but it is invasive and can lead to many complications. Hip and knee replacement surgeries are by far the most common procedures, with well over a million people yearly getting these two surgeries alone. Complications from these procedures include infections, nerve damage, blood clots, wound problems, pain and stiffness, and increased likelihood for fractures. In the case of hip replacement procedures additional complications include dislocation and loosening of the joint making another surgery potentially necessary.
We Need a Better Solution for PAIN!
All these negative side effects of standard medical approaches drive home the point with an exclamation mark that we clearly need a BETTER SOLUTION FOR PAIN - and PEMF therapy IS that research-proven, safe, effective, and non-invasive solution! With all these drugs and procedures, even when the pain is gone, the problem that caused it may remain. Medical approaches to pain management in no way help the body to heal itself; oftentimes, it's the opposite, making your body worse, as we showed. PEMF therapy offers an additional advantage: not only shutting off pain, but also stimulating the body's healing responses to effectively resolve the problem.
Now we will go over the four tiers or levels on which PEMF helps with PAIN relief. First, PEMF helps shut off or reduce the bioelectrical pain signal so you do not feel pain (numbing effect). Secondly, PEMF helps to make the brain less sensitive to pain by inducing the body's natural opioids, like endorphins. Thirdly, PEMF reduces inflammation and the associated pain, throbbing, redness, and swelling. Fourth, and most importantly, PEMF helps the body heal and regenerate, thereby fixing the problem!
1) PEMF Reduces or Even Turns off Pain Signals so You Don't Feel Pain (Numbing Effect)
First, PEMF helps relieve pain by inducing and stimulating microcurrents in tissues, especially neural pathways that transmit pain signals. These induced microcurrents in the neural pathways associated with the injured area interrupt PAIN signals in the nerves! And very simply, less signal = less pain! This is a direct energetic mechanism for pain relief. Also, PEMF calms the nerves, allowing them to recover, which reduces the pain signal. PEMF has a very relaxing effect on the autonomic nervous system, helping the body shift away from fight-or-flight and into parasympathetic rest, digest, and heal [42]. Symptomatically, this helps one feel less pain by quelling and relaxing the bioelectrical pain signals. Again, less signal = less pain!
2) PEMF Makes the Brain Less Perceptive to Pain
Besides interrupting and reducing pain signals, PEMF therapy ALSO helps the brain perceive less pain. PEMF accomplishes this because magnetic fields and PEMF Therapy naturally increase endorphins (endorphin = endogenous morphine) and enkephalins, your body's natural opioids that both lower pain perception (giving you a higher threshold or tolerance for pain). These compounds that come from the body's natural pharmacy bind to opioid Receptors that BLOCK the bioelectrical PAIN SIGNALS! So we can actually produce these natural opiates to help with pain relief. Besides blocking pain, endorphins in the body also elevate your mood and make you feel good! You feel so good, you forget about the pain. In fact, the study below shows how PEMF is just as effective as a low to moderate dose of morphine (and other opioids) for pain relief, and without the side effects!
All these negative side effects of standard medical approaches drive home the point with an exclamation mark that we clearly need a BETTER SOLUTION FOR PAIN - and PEMF therapy IS that research-proven, safe, effective, and non-invasive solution! With all these drugs and procedures, even when the pain is gone, the problem that caused it may remain. Medical approaches to pain management in no way help the body to heal itself; oftentimes, it's the opposite, making your body worse, as we showed. PEMF therapy offers an additional advantage: not only shutting off pain, but also stimulating the body's healing responses to effectively resolve the problem.
Now we will go over the four tiers or levels on which PEMF helps with PAIN relief. First, PEMF helps shut off or reduce the bioelectrical pain signal so you do not feel pain (numbing effect). Secondly, PEMF helps to make the brain less sensitive to pain by inducing the body's natural opioids, like endorphins. Thirdly, PEMF reduces inflammation and the associated pain, throbbing, redness, and swelling. Fourth, and most importantly, PEMF helps the body heal and regenerate, thereby fixing the problem!
1) PEMF Reduces or Even Turns off Pain Signals so You Don't Feel Pain (Numbing Effect)
First, PEMF helps relieve pain by inducing and stimulating microcurrents in tissues, especially neural pathways that transmit pain signals. These induced microcurrents in the neural pathways associated with the injured area interrupt PAIN signals in the nerves! And very simply, less signal = less pain! This is a direct energetic mechanism for pain relief. Also, PEMF calms the nerves, allowing them to recover, which reduces the pain signal. PEMF has a very relaxing effect on the autonomic nervous system, helping the body shift away from fight-or-flight and into parasympathetic rest, digest, and heal [42]. Symptomatically, this helps one feel less pain by quelling and relaxing the bioelectrical pain signals. Again, less signal = less pain!
2) PEMF Makes the Brain Less Perceptive to Pain
Besides interrupting and reducing pain signals, PEMF therapy ALSO helps the brain perceive less pain. PEMF accomplishes this because magnetic fields and PEMF Therapy naturally increase endorphins (endorphin = endogenous morphine) and enkephalins, your body's natural opioids that both lower pain perception (giving you a higher threshold or tolerance for pain). These compounds that come from the body's natural pharmacy bind to opioid Receptors that BLOCK the bioelectrical PAIN SIGNALS! So we can actually produce these natural opiates to help with pain relief. Besides blocking pain, endorphins in the body also elevate your mood and make you feel good! You feel so good, you forget about the pain. In fact, the study below shows how PEMF is just as effective as a low to moderate dose of morphine (and other opioids) for pain relief, and without the side effects!
Study #1 - PEMF works as well as Opioids
A study led by Alex Thomas at the Lawson research institute used a low-frequency PEMF device that was attached to the brain (with two PEMF coils). This study looked at how PEMF compares to several opioids like morphine, Vicodin, Percocet, and other pain-relieving drugs. Using a low-frequency, low-intensity PEMF, the therapy is applied for 40 min, twice daily, via a headset containing coils positioned bilaterally over the cranium. What this study (and others done by the same team) found was that PEMF therapy was the equivalent to a low to moderate dose of morphine (10 mg) for pain reduction (in a variety of pain states) without the addiction or dependency[35-41,46-48]! This was a randomized controlled study that ruled out the placebo effect (the gold standard of research). And there are other studies that confirm the finding that PEMF activates endogenous opioid systems, which increase natural endorphins, which both relieve pain and help you to "feel good". [235,423, 475,571]. This is a good case study that to effectively treat pain with PEMF, you should work on BOTH the injured area AND the brain. The system I recommend has two loop applicators so you can put one around the head and the other over the injured area. Of course, using a good full-body mat also accomplishes this.
If we dig deeper into the roots of pain, we find that inflammation is not only the primary source of pain but also the underlying cause of most chronic diseases. Let's now explore inflammation and why PEMF therapy is perhaps the most potent natural anti-inflammatory available today!
A study led by Alex Thomas at the Lawson research institute used a low-frequency PEMF device that was attached to the brain (with two PEMF coils). This study looked at how PEMF compares to several opioids like morphine, Vicodin, Percocet, and other pain-relieving drugs. Using a low-frequency, low-intensity PEMF, the therapy is applied for 40 min, twice daily, via a headset containing coils positioned bilaterally over the cranium. What this study (and others done by the same team) found was that PEMF therapy was the equivalent to a low to moderate dose of morphine (10 mg) for pain reduction (in a variety of pain states) without the addiction or dependency[35-41,46-48]! This was a randomized controlled study that ruled out the placebo effect (the gold standard of research). And there are other studies that confirm the finding that PEMF activates endogenous opioid systems, which increase natural endorphins, which both relieve pain and help you to "feel good". [235,423, 475,571]. This is a good case study that to effectively treat pain with PEMF, you should work on BOTH the injured area AND the brain. The system I recommend has two loop applicators so you can put one around the head and the other over the injured area. Of course, using a good full-body mat also accomplishes this.
If we dig deeper into the roots of pain, we find that inflammation is not only the primary source of pain but also the underlying cause of most chronic diseases. Let's now explore inflammation and why PEMF therapy is perhaps the most potent natural anti-inflammatory available today!
3) PEMF is a Potent Anti-inflammatory
In February 2004, Time magazine released an issue with a shocking cover design touting inflammation as the common culprit behind all of humankind's top killers. One of the most significant medical revelations of the 21st century is the clear linkage experts have identified between inflammation and leading causes of death, including heart attacks, stroke, cancer, Alzheimer’s, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, COPD, and more. The most prominent and tangible sign of chronic inflammation is persistent pain.
Not all inflammation is bad. Acute inflammation serves an important purpose: protecting the body from threats like pathogens, toxins, or injury. It is beneficial when needed, helping us heal. This “good inflammation” is visible—for example, when you stub your toe, swelling, heat, redness, and pain signal healing processes. As the body recovers, the inflammation fades. This short-term inflammation is both constructive and necessary. However, our robust immune system, while essential for survival, comes with a 'biological price': the increase in chronic inflammatory conditions. A leading theory for this rise is that our modern lifestyles have dramatically changed compared to ancient times. Common factors—such as processed foods, pollution, sedentary routines, smoking, excessive alcohol, poor sleep, injuries, persistent stress, infections, weight gain, and even social dynamics—can all trigger ongoing low-level immune activation, resulting in silent but persistent inflammation throughout the body.
This persistent, long-term inflammation is not just a symptom but a root cause driving most major diseases. Increasingly, researchers discuss the concept of 'inflamm-aging'—the idea that our genes and pathways regulating inflammation are central not only to disease, but to the entire aging process [30]. Shutting off inflammation not only helps with pain and healing, but it also helps to slow the aging process in general!
In February 2004, Time magazine released an issue with a shocking cover design touting inflammation as the common culprit behind all of humankind's top killers. One of the most significant medical revelations of the 21st century is the clear linkage experts have identified between inflammation and leading causes of death, including heart attacks, stroke, cancer, Alzheimer’s, autoimmune disorders, diabetes, COPD, and more. The most prominent and tangible sign of chronic inflammation is persistent pain.
Not all inflammation is bad. Acute inflammation serves an important purpose: protecting the body from threats like pathogens, toxins, or injury. It is beneficial when needed, helping us heal. This “good inflammation” is visible—for example, when you stub your toe, swelling, heat, redness, and pain signal healing processes. As the body recovers, the inflammation fades. This short-term inflammation is both constructive and necessary. However, our robust immune system, while essential for survival, comes with a 'biological price': the increase in chronic inflammatory conditions. A leading theory for this rise is that our modern lifestyles have dramatically changed compared to ancient times. Common factors—such as processed foods, pollution, sedentary routines, smoking, excessive alcohol, poor sleep, injuries, persistent stress, infections, weight gain, and even social dynamics—can all trigger ongoing low-level immune activation, resulting in silent but persistent inflammation throughout the body.
This persistent, long-term inflammation is not just a symptom but a root cause driving most major diseases. Increasingly, researchers discuss the concept of 'inflamm-aging'—the idea that our genes and pathways regulating inflammation are central not only to disease, but to the entire aging process [30]. Shutting off inflammation not only helps with pain and healing, but it also helps to slow the aging process in general!
Chronic inflammation does not create disease and death overnight. It is usually a low-level, invisible condition that can simmer quietly in the blood of people who appear healthy. When this low-grade chronic inflammation from certain lifestyle factors and health conditions lasts for months or even years, it can start to cause serious health issues and even lead to death. As with acute inflammation, these triggers set off the immune system's alarm. The difference is that, in this case, the problem doesn't resolve itself as it would, for example, in the healing of a wound.
PEMF therapy stands out amongst all medical approaches and even natural healing modalities for addressing inflammation, with extensive research on efficacy AND safety. By reducing inflammation, PEMF therapy not only reduces pain. but also reduces swelling and edema. It received FDA approval in 1987 for the treatment of postoperative pain, swelling, and edema. Swelling and edema are part of the natural healing response, but sometimes the body overcompensates, worsening pain and delaying healing. When I was in a car accident this year, my hand swelled up like a balloon from serious soft tissue damage. Using PEMF helped relieve pain and reduce the swelling within a day. As the swelling went down, my pain decreased, and my hand healed more quickly. Over the years, working with PEMF, I have seen it help dozens of people with chronic edema and swelling, especially in the lower legs.
PEMF therapy reduces swelling and edema [410-412] by improving blood and lymph circulation, which removes excess fluid from inflamed areas. PEMF increases nitric oxide [56-70,84-86] in blood and lymph vessels, thereby dilating them to facilitate easier fluid flow and promote healing. Improved blood and lymph flow delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and immune cells, which help reduce pain and swelling, and perhaps even more importantly, PEMF accelerates healing [286,376-378]. Let's now look at exactly how PEMF shuts off inflammation. But before we do, we need to set the stage by explaining how chronic inflammation is turned on, and HOW it can be turned off!
PEMF therapy stands out amongst all medical approaches and even natural healing modalities for addressing inflammation, with extensive research on efficacy AND safety. By reducing inflammation, PEMF therapy not only reduces pain. but also reduces swelling and edema. It received FDA approval in 1987 for the treatment of postoperative pain, swelling, and edema. Swelling and edema are part of the natural healing response, but sometimes the body overcompensates, worsening pain and delaying healing. When I was in a car accident this year, my hand swelled up like a balloon from serious soft tissue damage. Using PEMF helped relieve pain and reduce the swelling within a day. As the swelling went down, my pain decreased, and my hand healed more quickly. Over the years, working with PEMF, I have seen it help dozens of people with chronic edema and swelling, especially in the lower legs.
PEMF therapy reduces swelling and edema [410-412] by improving blood and lymph circulation, which removes excess fluid from inflamed areas. PEMF increases nitric oxide [56-70,84-86] in blood and lymph vessels, thereby dilating them to facilitate easier fluid flow and promote healing. Improved blood and lymph flow delivers oxygen, nutrients, hormones, and immune cells, which help reduce pain and swelling, and perhaps even more importantly, PEMF accelerates healing [286,376-378]. Let's now look at exactly how PEMF shuts off inflammation. But before we do, we need to set the stage by explaining how chronic inflammation is turned on, and HOW it can be turned off!
NF-κB - The Inflammation "Switch"
Research has shown that when inflammation persists for an extended period (chronic inflammation), a transcription factor called NF-kB is activated. NF-κB is short for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)! Importantly, it’s the master "switch" that can turn inflammation on or off. It is activated by increases in oxidative stress, as well as by stress, disease, or injury in cells, tissues, and organs. Because it is a transcription factor, it stimulates transcription of a wide range of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, COX2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 (and others) trigger immune cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages) to mount an inflammatory response. Too many inflammatory cytokines for too long can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases (which are catabolic, break the body down, and can be a causative factor in chronic pain, arthritis, and other diseases). Just as NF-kB (the inflammation switch) can be turned on by chronic diseases, injuries, and stress on the body, it can also be turned off by an amazing molecule called Adenosine.
Research has shown that when inflammation persists for an extended period (chronic inflammation), a transcription factor called NF-kB is activated. NF-κB is short for nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB)! Importantly, it’s the master "switch" that can turn inflammation on or off. It is activated by increases in oxidative stress, as well as by stress, disease, or injury in cells, tissues, and organs. Because it is a transcription factor, it stimulates transcription of a wide range of inflammatory cytokines. Inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, COX2, PGE2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 (and others) trigger immune cells (such as neutrophils and macrophages) to mount an inflammatory response. Too many inflammatory cytokines for too long can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases (which are catabolic, break the body down, and can be a causative factor in chronic pain, arthritis, and other diseases). Just as NF-kB (the inflammation switch) can be turned on by chronic diseases, injuries, and stress on the body, it can also be turned off by an amazing molecule called Adenosine.
Adenosine, The Guardian Angel of Inflammation (and Disease) [1]
Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside and a fundamental component of ATP, ADP, AMP, DNA, RNA, and signaling molecules such as cAMP. Through its interaction with adenosine receptors (AR), adenosine plays a central role in regulating inflammation and protecting cells, tissues, and organs from chronic inflammatory processes and disease. Elevated adenosine levels have been observed in conditions such as epilepsy, ischemia, pain, inflammation, and cancer, where its regulatory functions are particularly evident [28]. Adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) are expressed on nearly all cell types and tissues, including immune, nerve, and muscle cells, as well as in organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, and lungs. This widespread distribution enables adenosine to exert its regulatory effects throughout the body. Given its extensive roles, adenosine may be considered one of the most essential molecules for physiological function.
Working through Adenosine Receptors (ARs), adenosine plays a key role in controlling inflammation. Specifically, the A2A adenosine receptors play a critical role in reducing inflammation, acting as an anti-inflammatory "switch" that can turn it off when adenosine binds. When adenosine binding is prevented by a shortage of receptors or a shortage of adenosine itself, inflammation rains fire on the body. Anything that stimulates A2A receptors to bind adenosine (an A2A agonist) helps shut off unhealthy inflammation. Under normal conditions, once inflammation has run its natural course in healing, the body signals A2A receptors to reduce inflammation. However, in chronic pain and inflammation, these receptors are not activated, and inflammation persists, causing pain and damage. This is where PEMF stimulation comes to the rescue, as we'll explain next.
Adenosine is a ubiquitous nucleoside and a fundamental component of ATP, ADP, AMP, DNA, RNA, and signaling molecules such as cAMP. Through its interaction with adenosine receptors (AR), adenosine plays a central role in regulating inflammation and protecting cells, tissues, and organs from chronic inflammatory processes and disease. Elevated adenosine levels have been observed in conditions such as epilepsy, ischemia, pain, inflammation, and cancer, where its regulatory functions are particularly evident [28]. Adenosine receptors (A1, A2A, A2B, and A3) are expressed on nearly all cell types and tissues, including immune, nerve, and muscle cells, as well as in organs such as the brain, heart, kidneys, and lungs. This widespread distribution enables adenosine to exert its regulatory effects throughout the body. Given its extensive roles, adenosine may be considered one of the most essential molecules for physiological function.
Working through Adenosine Receptors (ARs), adenosine plays a key role in controlling inflammation. Specifically, the A2A adenosine receptors play a critical role in reducing inflammation, acting as an anti-inflammatory "switch" that can turn it off when adenosine binds. When adenosine binding is prevented by a shortage of receptors or a shortage of adenosine itself, inflammation rains fire on the body. Anything that stimulates A2A receptors to bind adenosine (an A2A agonist) helps shut off unhealthy inflammation. Under normal conditions, once inflammation has run its natural course in healing, the body signals A2A receptors to reduce inflammation. However, in chronic pain and inflammation, these receptors are not activated, and inflammation persists, causing pain and damage. This is where PEMF stimulation comes to the rescue, as we'll explain next.
In 2002, Varani et al. first described the mechanism of action of low-frequency, low-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) in inflammatory cells [1], identifying the A2A adenosine receptor (AR) as the primary target of PEMF stimulation. Subsequent studies have demonstrated that PEMFs exert an agonist (stimulating) effect on A2A adenosine receptors, which accounts for the anti-inflammatory effects observed in both experimental [1,22,24] and clinical [20,23] investigations [1,20,22,23,24,25]. Specifically, PEMF exposure increases the number of adenosine receptors AND directly stimulates A2A receptors, thereby enhancing adenosine binding. The upregulation of A2A receptors increases cellular sensitivity to adenosine, which stimulates intracellular cAMP production. This process downregulates the proinflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway, resulting in decreased production of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, PGE2, COX2, and TNF-α [2-9,27]. Not only that, PEMF also simultaneously upregulates anti-inflammatory cytokines [22,26]. The accompanying image illustrates the principal mechanism by which PEMF modulates pain and inflammation at the cellular level. The key takeaway here is PEMF directly stimulates an anti-inflammatory response, which shuts off pain and turns on healing! Note: all these studies used a medium intensity (15-20 Gauss/1.5-2 mT) signal.
Chronic inflammation is not only associated with pain in tissues such as joints, muscles, tendons, nerves, and ligaments, but is also inherently catabolic, leading to tissue breakdown and degradation. Consequently, persistent inflammation can result in deterioration of joints, cartilage, intervertebral discs, muscles, nerves, and bone, contributing to pain-related conditions commonly observed in disease and aging [24-26]. Arthritis exemplifies this process, as inflammation-induced joint degradation can progress to osteoarthritis and spinal disc degeneration. By suppressing inflammation, PEMF therapy not only provides pain relief but, more importantly, helps protect tissues, such as joints, from damage and degeneration [10].
PEMF demonstrates greater efficacy than pharmacological agents in modulating inflammation.
Most anti-inflammatory medications target A2A receptor stimulation due to its significant effects. However, these drugs are often associated with adverse effects such as tissue damage, receptor desensitization, and reduced efficacy over time. In contrast, PEMF therapy does not produce these side effects and, instead of causing desensitization, increases the number of A2A receptors, thereby enhancing cellular sensitivity. As a result, PEMF therapy maintains its effectiveness over time without adverse reactions or diminishing therapeutic returns.
Chronic inflammation is not only associated with pain in tissues such as joints, muscles, tendons, nerves, and ligaments, but is also inherently catabolic, leading to tissue breakdown and degradation. Consequently, persistent inflammation can result in deterioration of joints, cartilage, intervertebral discs, muscles, nerves, and bone, contributing to pain-related conditions commonly observed in disease and aging [24-26]. Arthritis exemplifies this process, as inflammation-induced joint degradation can progress to osteoarthritis and spinal disc degeneration. By suppressing inflammation, PEMF therapy not only provides pain relief but, more importantly, helps protect tissues, such as joints, from damage and degeneration [10].
PEMF demonstrates greater efficacy than pharmacological agents in modulating inflammation.
Most anti-inflammatory medications target A2A receptor stimulation due to its significant effects. However, these drugs are often associated with adverse effects such as tissue damage, receptor desensitization, and reduced efficacy over time. In contrast, PEMF therapy does not produce these side effects and, instead of causing desensitization, increases the number of A2A receptors, thereby enhancing cellular sensitivity. As a result, PEMF therapy maintains its effectiveness over time without adverse reactions or diminishing therapeutic returns.
Two Studies Showing PEMFs Powerful Anti-Inflammatory Effects
Addressing inflammation —the root cause of pain —allows for true healing. PEMF therapy is a safe, effective treatment for healing pain without the adverse side effects. In fact, it is so effective that two studies show that it is as effective as prescription anti-inflammatories (both pharmaceutical and steroid injections).
Study #2 - PEMF as effective as Steroid Injections for Inflammation
In another randomized controlled trial, PEMF therapy was shown to be more effective long-term for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) than a combination of an anesthetic AND a steroid injection, which is the best answer our medical system has. At three weeks, corticosteroid injections provided greater pain relief during activity compared to PEMF. However, at three months, PEMF resulted in lower pain levels at rest, during activity, and at night compared to corticosteroid injections. These findings suggest that while corticosteroid injections may offer faster pain relief, PEMF provides more sustained benefits and is a viable, and much less invasive treatment option than steroid injections that can actually damage tissue over time [29]!
Study #3 - PEMF Rivals Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Another study was conducted at the Charles River lab, comparing high-slew-rate PEMF (slew rate was the dosage parameter) to megadoses of steroids. They found a peak benefit at 120 T/s, but results leveled off as they went higher. This independent lab was amazed that PEMF worked 60% as effectively for inflammation markers as a megadose of steroids [31]! The lab stated that they had never tested anything that performed as well as this for inflammation, despite conducting extensive testing with multiple modalities. The fundamental action of PEMF appears to be the reduction of pathologic chronic inflammation, enabling normal tissue recovery. It is apparent that PEMF facilitates joint healing by suppressing pathological inflammation and swelling. This allows normal healing processes to occur. This study is a perfect segue to the next primary benefit of PEMF for pain: actually helping the body heal the problem. It turns out that shutting off chronic inflammation is an important prerequisite to allowing the body's natural healing processes to take over. That is, chronic inflammation is catabolic and breaks tissue down, which inhibits healing and rebuilding (anabolic) processes from occurring.
Addressing inflammation —the root cause of pain —allows for true healing. PEMF therapy is a safe, effective treatment for healing pain without the adverse side effects. In fact, it is so effective that two studies show that it is as effective as prescription anti-inflammatories (both pharmaceutical and steroid injections).
Study #2 - PEMF as effective as Steroid Injections for Inflammation
In another randomized controlled trial, PEMF therapy was shown to be more effective long-term for lateral epicondylitis (tennis elbow) than a combination of an anesthetic AND a steroid injection, which is the best answer our medical system has. At three weeks, corticosteroid injections provided greater pain relief during activity compared to PEMF. However, at three months, PEMF resulted in lower pain levels at rest, during activity, and at night compared to corticosteroid injections. These findings suggest that while corticosteroid injections may offer faster pain relief, PEMF provides more sustained benefits and is a viable, and much less invasive treatment option than steroid injections that can actually damage tissue over time [29]!
Study #3 - PEMF Rivals Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Another study was conducted at the Charles River lab, comparing high-slew-rate PEMF (slew rate was the dosage parameter) to megadoses of steroids. They found a peak benefit at 120 T/s, but results leveled off as they went higher. This independent lab was amazed that PEMF worked 60% as effectively for inflammation markers as a megadose of steroids [31]! The lab stated that they had never tested anything that performed as well as this for inflammation, despite conducting extensive testing with multiple modalities. The fundamental action of PEMF appears to be the reduction of pathologic chronic inflammation, enabling normal tissue recovery. It is apparent that PEMF facilitates joint healing by suppressing pathological inflammation and swelling. This allows normal healing processes to occur. This study is a perfect segue to the next primary benefit of PEMF for pain: actually helping the body heal the problem. It turns out that shutting off chronic inflammation is an important prerequisite to allowing the body's natural healing processes to take over. That is, chronic inflammation is catabolic and breaks tissue down, which inhibits healing and rebuilding (anabolic) processes from occurring.
4) PEMF Fixes the Problem - Get to the Source of Pain
Standard pharmaceutical approaches to symptomatic pain relief are akin to seeing your car's engine light come on, and instead of going to the mechanic, you simply cut the wire to the engine light so you don't see it. Of course, the engine is still burning up, and the stress that the engine light causes you is only temporarily relieved. Pain is the "engine light" of your body. PEMF therapy is like taking your car to the "body shop" (pun intended) and fixing the problem. Once the engine light (pain) is fixed, it turns off on its own.
This leads us to the fourth and most important way PEMF helps with pain relief: by fixing the problem! When the body is TRULY healed, the alarm or "engine light" of PAIN is no longer needed! You don’t get that with drugs, injections, or surgery, which do NOTHING to really stimulate the healing of the body. As we mentioned, the key to true healing starts with shutting off inflammation, along with giving the body and cells more energy and better circulation, all of which PEMF helps to accomplish [286,376-378,384-386,399,409,513-514]! Equally important to PEMF's ability to downregulate inflammatory cytokines, it also upregulates the beneficial anabolic and anti-inflammatory Cytokines TGF-B1, AP-1, IL-10, and IGF-1 [11]. This sets in motion a complex domino effect involving many signaling pathways that lead to increased growth factors, cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and even increased stem cells, all of which help the body heal an injury and even regenerate damaged or degraded tissue.
PEMF research suggests that nearly all cell types can be stimulated to repair, regenerate, and heal, as we explored earlier in this book. While PEMF helps to regenerate all tissue types, which in effect helps to remove ALL forms of pain; I want to briefly highlight that there is a lot of good research showing how PEMF therapy can actually help to repair and regenerate degraded joints like in osteoarthritis and spinal disc degeneration and these are both implicated the two leading causes of chronic pain in the United States are from arthritis and back pain (especially low back pain).
Dogma of Cartilage Regeneration in Adults
Cartilage (and discs) have traditionally been viewed as having minimal regenerative potential, leading to progressive degradation. For centuries, the prevailing belief was that cartilage repair was unattainable in adults. However, numerous PEMF studies have demonstrated cartilage, disc, tendon and ligament regeneration [12-19*,382, 383, 401, 402, 404-406, 408] challenging previous assumptions. Related to this, as joints are made of cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, many studies show that PEMF can treat and even reverse many forms of arthritis [395-397,403,478-482]. Increasing evidence confirms that alternative modalities, such as pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, can enhance tissue regeneration, even in the joints and discs in the spine! This is what takes PEMF to the next level: it both turns off pain and inflammation and, more importantly, helps the body heal cartilage, discs, tendons, and ligaments, thereby fixing the problem. While there are many studies, I want to highlight two studies that address the two leading forms of pain —arthritis and low back pain —along with a powerful MRI-based testimonial I have received that really drives home how effective PEMF is for true healing!
Standard pharmaceutical approaches to symptomatic pain relief are akin to seeing your car's engine light come on, and instead of going to the mechanic, you simply cut the wire to the engine light so you don't see it. Of course, the engine is still burning up, and the stress that the engine light causes you is only temporarily relieved. Pain is the "engine light" of your body. PEMF therapy is like taking your car to the "body shop" (pun intended) and fixing the problem. Once the engine light (pain) is fixed, it turns off on its own.
This leads us to the fourth and most important way PEMF helps with pain relief: by fixing the problem! When the body is TRULY healed, the alarm or "engine light" of PAIN is no longer needed! You don’t get that with drugs, injections, or surgery, which do NOTHING to really stimulate the healing of the body. As we mentioned, the key to true healing starts with shutting off inflammation, along with giving the body and cells more energy and better circulation, all of which PEMF helps to accomplish [286,376-378,384-386,399,409,513-514]! Equally important to PEMF's ability to downregulate inflammatory cytokines, it also upregulates the beneficial anabolic and anti-inflammatory Cytokines TGF-B1, AP-1, IL-10, and IGF-1 [11]. This sets in motion a complex domino effect involving many signaling pathways that lead to increased growth factors, cell proliferation, differentiation, motility, and even increased stem cells, all of which help the body heal an injury and even regenerate damaged or degraded tissue.
PEMF research suggests that nearly all cell types can be stimulated to repair, regenerate, and heal, as we explored earlier in this book. While PEMF helps to regenerate all tissue types, which in effect helps to remove ALL forms of pain; I want to briefly highlight that there is a lot of good research showing how PEMF therapy can actually help to repair and regenerate degraded joints like in osteoarthritis and spinal disc degeneration and these are both implicated the two leading causes of chronic pain in the United States are from arthritis and back pain (especially low back pain).
Dogma of Cartilage Regeneration in Adults
Cartilage (and discs) have traditionally been viewed as having minimal regenerative potential, leading to progressive degradation. For centuries, the prevailing belief was that cartilage repair was unattainable in adults. However, numerous PEMF studies have demonstrated cartilage, disc, tendon and ligament regeneration [12-19*,382, 383, 401, 402, 404-406, 408] challenging previous assumptions. Related to this, as joints are made of cartilage, tendons, and ligaments, many studies show that PEMF can treat and even reverse many forms of arthritis [395-397,403,478-482]. Increasing evidence confirms that alternative modalities, such as pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, can enhance tissue regeneration, even in the joints and discs in the spine! This is what takes PEMF to the next level: it both turns off pain and inflammation and, more importantly, helps the body heal cartilage, discs, tendons, and ligaments, thereby fixing the problem. While there are many studies, I want to highlight two studies that address the two leading forms of pain —arthritis and low back pain —along with a powerful MRI-based testimonial I have received that really drives home how effective PEMF is for true healing!
PEMF can slow, stop and even reverse arthritis
The first study shows that PEMF not only helps with arthritis pain and inflammation, but can also help reverse it! Along with back pain, Arthritis is the leading source of pain in the U.S., especially amongst the elderly, where it can worsen over time (leading to osteoarthritis) and even lead to invasive joint replacement surgeries (like hip and knee replacement surgeries), which are on the rise! If you start PEMF early enough, you can possibly avoid these surgeries even late into life!
A groundbreaking 2014 study by Veronesi [45] found that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) reduced the progression of osteoarthritis in guinea pigs
and even helped regenerate cartilage! This study investigated osteoarthritis in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs develop arthritis rapidly, with initial signs appearing between 3 and 6 months of age and severe disease typically present by 2 years of age. Given their short lifespan, guinea pigs are frequently used as models for studying the progression of arthritis relevant to humans. The pathological changes observed in guinea pigs closely resemble those in humans, suggesting that findings in this model may be applicable to human disease over extended timeframes.
The findings indicate that the progression of arthritis can be slowed, halted, or reversed, even in the presence of fairly severe arthritis. The guinea pigs were studied in three groups: two groups received 75 Hz or 37 Hz at a peak intensity of 15 gauss for six hours daily over three months, while the third group received no PEMF (sham). Upon completion of the study, joint tissues were analyzed for markers of joint health and degeneration.
The sham group exhibited greater cartilage surface degeneration compared to both PEMF-treated groups, indicating a significant worsening of arthritis over the three-month period. In contrast, both PEMF groups demonstrated significantly increased cartilage thickness and reduced evidence of cartilage damage and degeneration. The key here is that PEMF BOTH stopped the progression of degeneration AND increased cartilage thickness, demonstrating PEMF's powerful regenerative ability. These results in guinea pigs suggest the potential for arthritis regeneration with consistent, long-term PEMF application.
The first study shows that PEMF not only helps with arthritis pain and inflammation, but can also help reverse it! Along with back pain, Arthritis is the leading source of pain in the U.S., especially amongst the elderly, where it can worsen over time (leading to osteoarthritis) and even lead to invasive joint replacement surgeries (like hip and knee replacement surgeries), which are on the rise! If you start PEMF early enough, you can possibly avoid these surgeries even late into life!
A groundbreaking 2014 study by Veronesi [45] found that pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) reduced the progression of osteoarthritis in guinea pigs
and even helped regenerate cartilage! This study investigated osteoarthritis in guinea pigs. Guinea pigs develop arthritis rapidly, with initial signs appearing between 3 and 6 months of age and severe disease typically present by 2 years of age. Given their short lifespan, guinea pigs are frequently used as models for studying the progression of arthritis relevant to humans. The pathological changes observed in guinea pigs closely resemble those in humans, suggesting that findings in this model may be applicable to human disease over extended timeframes.
The findings indicate that the progression of arthritis can be slowed, halted, or reversed, even in the presence of fairly severe arthritis. The guinea pigs were studied in three groups: two groups received 75 Hz or 37 Hz at a peak intensity of 15 gauss for six hours daily over three months, while the third group received no PEMF (sham). Upon completion of the study, joint tissues were analyzed for markers of joint health and degeneration.
The sham group exhibited greater cartilage surface degeneration compared to both PEMF-treated groups, indicating a significant worsening of arthritis over the three-month period. In contrast, both PEMF groups demonstrated significantly increased cartilage thickness and reduced evidence of cartilage damage and degeneration. The key here is that PEMF BOTH stopped the progression of degeneration AND increased cartilage thickness, demonstrating PEMF's powerful regenerative ability. These results in guinea pigs suggest the potential for arthritis regeneration with consistent, long-term PEMF application.
PEMF Helps to Reverse Low Back Pain by Regenerating Discs in the Spine [46]
Back pain, particularly low back pain, is a leading form of chronic pain in the United States, second only to arthritis. The primary cause of back pain is intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Low back pain (LBP) is an age-associated condition, with both its prevalence and impact increasing annually [47,48]. A recent global survey of 50 chronic diseases identified LBP as the leading cause of disability among the elderly [49]. While LBP has multiple etiologies, IVD degeneration is considered the principal contributor to its pathology [50,51]. Research indicates that changes in disc tissue, inflammation, increased catabolic activity, and cellular senescence and death contribute to IVD degeneration [52,53]. Despite its widespread occurrence, there are currently no effective treatments for IVD degeneration and its associated pathologies.
A study by Zheng Y (2022) demonstrated that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy not only alleviates low back pain but also promotes regeneration of intervertebral discs. The research provides evidence that PEMF activates the SIRT1-autophagic network and reduces IVD degeneration in both cellular and animal models. Autophagy, the process by which cells remove damaged or dysfunctional components and recycle cellular materials, has been shown to prevent and potentially reverse disc degeneration [54-56]. The study found that PEMF therapy reduces inflammation and increases spinal disc tissue by activating autophagy. Activation of autophagic pathways is recognized as an anti-aging strategy, achievable through interventions such as exercise, fasting, and calorie restriction. PEMF can be included among these interventions. By stimulating autophagy, PEMF therapy may not only prevent and reverse spinal disc degeneration but also help slow the aging process. Additional studies have reported that PEMF activates autophagy in connective [57] and nerve tissue [58], suggesting that PEMF is a promising therapeutic modality for tissue regeneration and anti-aging.
Medium Intensity/High Slew Rate PEMF is Best
It is important to note and re-emphasize that medium intensity dominates the anti-inflammatory and regenerative studies. While both low and high intensity pain have many studies for pain relief, high intensity studies with inflammation and regeneration are almost non-existent. Low intensity does have some research and studies with inflammation and regeneration, but nowhere near what medium intensity has, especially for cartilage and joint regeneration.
One very good research paper by Massari searched for clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of PEMF treatment. The survey showed that several PEMF devices are available on the market, however only a few PEMF signals are supported by solid clinical evidence: these EFFECTIVE signals are either trapezoidal (square wave) or saw-tooth waves (high slew rate signals), with magnetic field peak intensity spanning from 1.2 mTesla (mT) to 2 mT. These were ALL high slew rate medium intensity signals [584,585]! That is, all the best clinical trials and highest level randomized controlled trial PEMF studies for true regeneration are medium intensity. This study is worth checking out (Massari, L.; Benazzo, F.; Moretti, B.; Dallari, D.; Perugia, D.; Meani, E.; Cadossi, R. Electrical Stimulation of Osteogenesis: Efficacy and Technologies Compared. GIOT 2011, 6, 1–8).
Since the early 2000s, thanks to the results of a large translational research project (Cartilage Repair and Electromagnetic Stimulation: C.R.E.S. study), medium intensity PEMF stimulation is also successfully applied to early stage of osteoarthritis, post-traumatic joint pathology, and after surgical treatment of the joints to control inflammation and protect articular cartilage from degeneration [59]. The device used was 1.5-2.0 mT or 15 -20 Gauss which is medium intensity. This collection of studies represents some of the best research, if not THE best research ever done with PEMF therapy (especially for anti-inflammatory benefits and cartilage and bone regeneration.
This really drives home the point that medium intensity PEMF not only is proven for pain relief, it far excels low and high intensity PEMF with the highest level research for its anti-inflammatory effects and true healing and regeneration ability in helping the body to heal itself!
Back pain, particularly low back pain, is a leading form of chronic pain in the United States, second only to arthritis. The primary cause of back pain is intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration. Low back pain (LBP) is an age-associated condition, with both its prevalence and impact increasing annually [47,48]. A recent global survey of 50 chronic diseases identified LBP as the leading cause of disability among the elderly [49]. While LBP has multiple etiologies, IVD degeneration is considered the principal contributor to its pathology [50,51]. Research indicates that changes in disc tissue, inflammation, increased catabolic activity, and cellular senescence and death contribute to IVD degeneration [52,53]. Despite its widespread occurrence, there are currently no effective treatments for IVD degeneration and its associated pathologies.
A study by Zheng Y (2022) demonstrated that pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy not only alleviates low back pain but also promotes regeneration of intervertebral discs. The research provides evidence that PEMF activates the SIRT1-autophagic network and reduces IVD degeneration in both cellular and animal models. Autophagy, the process by which cells remove damaged or dysfunctional components and recycle cellular materials, has been shown to prevent and potentially reverse disc degeneration [54-56]. The study found that PEMF therapy reduces inflammation and increases spinal disc tissue by activating autophagy. Activation of autophagic pathways is recognized as an anti-aging strategy, achievable through interventions such as exercise, fasting, and calorie restriction. PEMF can be included among these interventions. By stimulating autophagy, PEMF therapy may not only prevent and reverse spinal disc degeneration but also help slow the aging process. Additional studies have reported that PEMF activates autophagy in connective [57] and nerve tissue [58], suggesting that PEMF is a promising therapeutic modality for tissue regeneration and anti-aging.
Medium Intensity/High Slew Rate PEMF is Best
It is important to note and re-emphasize that medium intensity dominates the anti-inflammatory and regenerative studies. While both low and high intensity pain have many studies for pain relief, high intensity studies with inflammation and regeneration are almost non-existent. Low intensity does have some research and studies with inflammation and regeneration, but nowhere near what medium intensity has, especially for cartilage and joint regeneration.
One very good research paper by Massari searched for clinical studies evaluating the effectiveness of PEMF treatment. The survey showed that several PEMF devices are available on the market, however only a few PEMF signals are supported by solid clinical evidence: these EFFECTIVE signals are either trapezoidal (square wave) or saw-tooth waves (high slew rate signals), with magnetic field peak intensity spanning from 1.2 mTesla (mT) to 2 mT. These were ALL high slew rate medium intensity signals [584,585]! That is, all the best clinical trials and highest level randomized controlled trial PEMF studies for true regeneration are medium intensity. This study is worth checking out (Massari, L.; Benazzo, F.; Moretti, B.; Dallari, D.; Perugia, D.; Meani, E.; Cadossi, R. Electrical Stimulation of Osteogenesis: Efficacy and Technologies Compared. GIOT 2011, 6, 1–8).
Since the early 2000s, thanks to the results of a large translational research project (Cartilage Repair and Electromagnetic Stimulation: C.R.E.S. study), medium intensity PEMF stimulation is also successfully applied to early stage of osteoarthritis, post-traumatic joint pathology, and after surgical treatment of the joints to control inflammation and protect articular cartilage from degeneration [59]. The device used was 1.5-2.0 mT or 15 -20 Gauss which is medium intensity. This collection of studies represents some of the best research, if not THE best research ever done with PEMF therapy (especially for anti-inflammatory benefits and cartilage and bone regeneration.
This really drives home the point that medium intensity PEMF not only is proven for pain relief, it far excels low and high intensity PEMF with the highest level research for its anti-inflammatory effects and true healing and regeneration ability in helping the body to heal itself!
High Slew Rate PEMF added 1-2 mm of thickness to spinal cartilage
I want to conclude this chapter with a testimonial we received from using a medium intensity and high slew rate full body mat device that confirms this regenerative ability of PEMF even with the most difficult tissues like joints and discs.
Michael's Story Regenerating Spinal Cartilage
Like many people today, Michael had been struggling with chronic back pain due to deteriorating spinal cartilage. Traditional treatments offered little relief, and doctors told him his options were limited. Then Michael discovered the Magnetic Magic PEMF System (now Spectra Apex HSR), which is a medium-intensity (25-30 Gauss) and high-slew-rate (25-30 T/s) PEMF system, right in the sweet spot of good slew-rate research.
After just 50 hours of using this revolutionary PEMF therapy device, Michael's follow-up MRI revealed something remarkable: his spinal cartilage had improved, with a measurable increase of 1-2mm in thickness. The results weren't just numbers on a screen; Michael could feel the pain relief and added mobility. Based on his current progress, Michael's healing journey is just beginning.
So now that you see the many reasons PEMF helps with pain relief, inflammation and regeneration, in the next chapter I will go through a getting started basics guide on getting the most out of your high slew rate PEMF device, so you too can experience the amazing benefits of not only great pain relief, but more importantly true healing!
I want to conclude this chapter with a testimonial we received from using a medium intensity and high slew rate full body mat device that confirms this regenerative ability of PEMF even with the most difficult tissues like joints and discs.
Michael's Story Regenerating Spinal Cartilage
Like many people today, Michael had been struggling with chronic back pain due to deteriorating spinal cartilage. Traditional treatments offered little relief, and doctors told him his options were limited. Then Michael discovered the Magnetic Magic PEMF System (now Spectra Apex HSR), which is a medium-intensity (25-30 Gauss) and high-slew-rate (25-30 T/s) PEMF system, right in the sweet spot of good slew-rate research.
After just 50 hours of using this revolutionary PEMF therapy device, Michael's follow-up MRI revealed something remarkable: his spinal cartilage had improved, with a measurable increase of 1-2mm in thickness. The results weren't just numbers on a screen; Michael could feel the pain relief and added mobility. Based on his current progress, Michael's healing journey is just beginning.
So now that you see the many reasons PEMF helps with pain relief, inflammation and regeneration, in the next chapter I will go through a getting started basics guide on getting the most out of your high slew rate PEMF device, so you too can experience the amazing benefits of not only great pain relief, but more importantly true healing!
Citations [*]
[1] Varani K, Gessi S, Merighi S, Iannotta V, Cattabriga E, Spisani S, Cadossi R, Borea PA. Effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on A2A adenosine receptors in human neutrophils. Brit J Pharmacol 2002;136:57–66.
[2] Lee JY, Jhun BS, Oh YT, Lee JH, Choe W, Baik HH, Ha J, Yoon KS, Kim SS, Kang I. Activation of adenosine A3 receptor suppresses lipopolysaccharide- induced TNF- alpha production through inhibition of PI 3-kinase/Akt and NF-kappaB activation in murine BV2 microglial cells. Neurosci Lett 2006;396(1):2006.
[3] Martin L, Pingle SC, Hallam DM, Rybak LP, Ramkumar V. Activation of the adenosine A3 receptor in RAW 264.7 cells inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha release by reducing calcium dependent activation of nuclear factor kappaB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:71.
[4] Shakibaei M, John T, Schulze-Tanzil G, Lehmann I, Mobasheri, A. Suppression of NF-kappaB activation by curcumin leads to inhibition of expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human articular chondrocytes: Implications for the treat- ment of osteoarthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2007;73(9):1434–1445.
[5] Vincenzi F, Targa M, Corciulo C, Gessi S, Merighi S, Setti S, Cadossi R, Borea PA, Varani K. Pulsed electromagnetic fields increased the anti-inflammatory effect of A2A and A3 adenosine receptors in human T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e65561.
[6] Ongaro A, Pellati A, Masieri FF, Caruso A, Setti S, Cadossi R, Biscione R, Massari L, Fini M, De Mattei M. Chondroprotective effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human cartilage explants. Bioelectromagnetics 2011;32:543.
[7] Ongaro A, Pellati A, Setti S, Masieri FF, Aquila G, Fini M, Caruso A, De Mattei M. Electromagnetic fields counteract IL-1β activity during chondrogenesis of bovine mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015;9(12):E229–E238.
[8] Berg EE, Pollard ME, Kang Q. Interarticular bone tunnel healing. Arthroscopy 2001;17:189.
[9] De Mattei M, Varani K, Masieri FF, Pellati A, Ongaro A, Fini M, Cadossi R, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Caruso A. Adenosine analogs and electromagnetic fields inhibit prostaglandin E(2) release in bovine synovial fibroblasts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009;17(2):252–262.
[10] Ciombor DM, Aaron RK, Wang S, Simon B. Modification of osteoarthritis by pulsed electro-
magnetic field: A morphological study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11(6):455–462.
[11] Ongaro A, Varani K, Masieri FF, Pellati A, Massari L, Cadossi R, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Fini M, Caruso A, De Mattei M. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and adenosine recep- tors modulate prostaglandin E(2) and cytokine release in human osteoarthritic synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2012;227(6):2461–2469.
[12] De Mattei M, Fini M, Setti S, Ongaro A, Gemmati D, Stabellini G, Pellati A, Caruso A. Proteoglycan synthesis in bovine articular cartilage explants exposed to different low-frequency low-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15:163.
[13] Chang CH, Loo ST, Liu HL, Fang HW, Lin HY. Can low frequency electromagnetic field help
cartilage tissue engineering? J Biomed Mater Res A 2010;92(3):843–851.
[14] Esposito M, Lucariello A, Riccio I, Riccio V, Esposito V, Riccardi G. Differentiation of human osteoprogenitor cells increases after treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields. In Vivo 2012;26(2):299–304.
[15] Ongaro A, Pellati A, Bagheri L, Fortini C, Setti S, De Mattei M. Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulate osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014;35(6):426–436.
[16] De Mattei M, Pellati A, Pasello M, Ongaro A, Setti S, Massari L, Gemmati D, Caruso A. Effects of physical stimulation with electromagnetic field and insulin growth factor- I treatment on proteoglycan synthesis of bovine articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12(10):793–800.
[17] Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP. Is osteoarthritis a disease involving only cartilage or other articular tissues? Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 2010;21:2.
[18] Fini M, Giavaresi G, Carpi A, Nicolini A, Setti S, Giardino R. Effects of pulsed electromag- netic fields on articular hyaline cartilage: Review of experimental and clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2005;59(7):388–394.
[19] Fini M, Torricelli P, Giavaresi G, Aldini NN, Cavani F, Setti S, Nicolini A, Carpi A, Giardino R. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on knee cartilage, subchondral and epyphiseal trabecular bone of aged Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs. Biomed Pharmacother 2008;62(10):709–715.
[20] Zorzi C, Dall’Oca C, Cadossi R, Setti S. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on patients’ recovery after arthroscopic surgery: Prospective, randomized and double blind study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007;15:830.
[21] Osti L, Del Buono A, Maffulli N. Application of pulsed electromagnetic fields after micro- fractures to the knee: A mid-term study. Int Orthop 2015;39:1289.
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[24] De Mattei M, Pasello M, Pellati A, Stabellini G, Massari L, Gemmati D, Caruso A: Effects of electromagnetic fields on proteoglycan metabolism of bovine articular cartilage explants. Connect Tissue Res 2003, 44(3–4):154–159.
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[27] Vianale, G., Reale, M., Amerio, P., Stefanachi, M., Di Luzio, S., and Muraro, R. (2008). Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field enhances human keratinocyte cell growth and decreases proinflammatory chemokine production. Br J Dermatol 158, 1189–1196.
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[28] Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Varani K. Adenosine as a Multi-Signalling Guardian Angel in Human Diseases: When, Where and How Does it Exert its Protective Effects? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jun;37(6):419-434.
[29] Uzunca K, Birtane M, Taştekin N. Effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in lateral epicondylitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Jan;26(1):69-74. doi: 10.1007/s10067-006-0247-9. Epub 2006 Apr 22. PMID: 16633709.
[30] Franceschi C, Campisi J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Jun;69 Suppl 1:S4-9.
[31] Hubbard, Devin. (2020). Electroceutical Technology: Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of 40-160 T/S Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation (ICES) In The Acute Inflammation Model. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 2. 1-50. 10.37714/josam.v2i2.38
[32] Larson AM, Polson J, Fontana RJ, et al; Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: Results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2005;42:1364-72.
[33] Bolesta S, Haber SL. Hepatotoxicity associated with chronic acetaminophen administration in patients without risk factors. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:331-3.
[34] Henry D. Assessing the benefits and risks of drugs. The example ofNSAIDs. Aust Fam Physician 1990;19:385-7.
[35] Thomas, A. W., K. Graham, et al. (2007). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a low- frequency magnetic field in the treatment of musculoskeletal chronic pain. Pain Res Manag 12(4): 249-58.
[36] Thomas AW, Prato FS. Magnetic field based pain therapeutics and diagnostics. Bioelectromagnetics Society, 24th Annual Meeting, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, June, 2002 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2670735
[37] Peloso PM, Bellamy N, Bensen W, et al. Double blind randomized placebo control trial of controlled release codeine in the treatmentof osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 2000;27:764-71.
[38] Arkinstall W, Sandler A, Goughnour B, Babul N, Harsanyi Z,Darke AC. Efficacy of controlled-release codeine in chronic non-malignant pain: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Pain 1995;62:169-78.65.
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[1] Varani K, Gessi S, Merighi S, Iannotta V, Cattabriga E, Spisani S, Cadossi R, Borea PA. Effect of low frequency electromagnetic fields on A2A adenosine receptors in human neutrophils. Brit J Pharmacol 2002;136:57–66.
[2] Lee JY, Jhun BS, Oh YT, Lee JH, Choe W, Baik HH, Ha J, Yoon KS, Kim SS, Kang I. Activation of adenosine A3 receptor suppresses lipopolysaccharide- induced TNF- alpha production through inhibition of PI 3-kinase/Akt and NF-kappaB activation in murine BV2 microglial cells. Neurosci Lett 2006;396(1):2006.
[3] Martin L, Pingle SC, Hallam DM, Rybak LP, Ramkumar V. Activation of the adenosine A3 receptor in RAW 264.7 cells inhibits lipopolysaccharide-stimulated tumor necrosis factor-alpha release by reducing calcium dependent activation of nuclear factor kappaB and extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2006;316:71.
[4] Shakibaei M, John T, Schulze-Tanzil G, Lehmann I, Mobasheri, A. Suppression of NF-kappaB activation by curcumin leads to inhibition of expression of cyclo-oxygenase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in human articular chondrocytes: Implications for the treat- ment of osteoarthritis. Biochem Pharmacol 2007;73(9):1434–1445.
[5] Vincenzi F, Targa M, Corciulo C, Gessi S, Merighi S, Setti S, Cadossi R, Borea PA, Varani K. Pulsed electromagnetic fields increased the anti-inflammatory effect of A2A and A3 adenosine receptors in human T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. PLoS One 2013;8(5):e65561.
[6] Ongaro A, Pellati A, Masieri FF, Caruso A, Setti S, Cadossi R, Biscione R, Massari L, Fini M, De Mattei M. Chondroprotective effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on human cartilage explants. Bioelectromagnetics 2011;32:543.
[7] Ongaro A, Pellati A, Setti S, Masieri FF, Aquila G, Fini M, Caruso A, De Mattei M. Electromagnetic fields counteract IL-1β activity during chondrogenesis of bovine mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2015;9(12):E229–E238.
[8] Berg EE, Pollard ME, Kang Q. Interarticular bone tunnel healing. Arthroscopy 2001;17:189.
[9] De Mattei M, Varani K, Masieri FF, Pellati A, Ongaro A, Fini M, Cadossi R, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Caruso A. Adenosine analogs and electromagnetic fields inhibit prostaglandin E(2) release in bovine synovial fibroblasts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2009;17(2):252–262.
[10] Ciombor DM, Aaron RK, Wang S, Simon B. Modification of osteoarthritis by pulsed electro-
magnetic field: A morphological study. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2003;11(6):455–462.
[11] Ongaro A, Varani K, Masieri FF, Pellati A, Massari L, Cadossi R, Vincenzi F, Borea PA, Fini M, Caruso A, De Mattei M. Electromagnetic fields (EMFs) and adenosine recep- tors modulate prostaglandin E(2) and cytokine release in human osteoarthritic synovial fibroblasts. J Cell Physiol 2012;227(6):2461–2469.
[12] De Mattei M, Fini M, Setti S, Ongaro A, Gemmati D, Stabellini G, Pellati A, Caruso A. Proteoglycan synthesis in bovine articular cartilage explants exposed to different low-frequency low-energy pulsed electromagnetic fields. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2007;15:163.
[13] Chang CH, Loo ST, Liu HL, Fang HW, Lin HY. Can low frequency electromagnetic field help
cartilage tissue engineering? J Biomed Mater Res A 2010;92(3):843–851.
[14] Esposito M, Lucariello A, Riccio I, Riccio V, Esposito V, Riccardi G. Differentiation of human osteoprogenitor cells increases after treatment with pulsed electromagnetic fields. In Vivo 2012;26(2):299–304.
[15] Ongaro A, Pellati A, Bagheri L, Fortini C, Setti S, De Mattei M. Pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulate osteogenic differentiation in human bone marrow and adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells. Bioelectromagnetics 2014;35(6):426–436.
[16] De Mattei M, Pellati A, Pasello M, Ongaro A, Setti S, Massari L, Gemmati D, Caruso A. Effects of physical stimulation with electromagnetic field and insulin growth factor- I treatment on proteoglycan synthesis of bovine articular cartilage. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2004;12(10):793–800.
[17] Martel-Pelletier J, Pelletier JP. Is osteoarthritis a disease involving only cartilage or other articular tissues? Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi 2010;21:2.
[18] Fini M, Giavaresi G, Carpi A, Nicolini A, Setti S, Giardino R. Effects of pulsed electromag- netic fields on articular hyaline cartilage: Review of experimental and clinical studies. Biomed Pharmacother 2005;59(7):388–394.
[19] Fini M, Torricelli P, Giavaresi G, Aldini NN, Cavani F, Setti S, Nicolini A, Carpi A, Giardino R. Effect of pulsed electromagnetic field stimulation on knee cartilage, subchondral and epyphiseal trabecular bone of aged Dunkin Hartley guinea pigs. Biomed Pharmacother 2008;62(10):709–715.
[20] Zorzi C, Dall’Oca C, Cadossi R, Setti S. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on patients’ recovery after arthroscopic surgery: Prospective, randomized and double blind study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2007;15:830.
[21] Osti L, Del Buono A, Maffulli N. Application of pulsed electromagnetic fields after micro- fractures to the knee: A mid-term study. Int Orthop 2015;39:1289.
[22] Varani K, De Mattei M, Vincenzi F, Gessi S, Merighi S, Pellati A, Ongaro A, Caruso A, Cadossi R, Borea PA: Characterization of adenosine receptors in bovine chondrocytes and fibroblast-like synoviocytes exposed to low frequency low energy pulsed electromagnetic fields. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2008, 16(3):292–304.
[23] Benazzo F, Zanon G, Pederzini L, Modonesi F, Cardile C, Falez F, Ciolli L, La Cava F, Giannini S, Buda R, Setti S, Caruso G, Massari L: Effects of biophysical stimulation in patients undergoing arthroscopic reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament: prospective, randomized and double blind study. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2008, 16(6):595–601.
[24] De Mattei M, Pasello M, Pellati A, Stabellini G, Massari L, Gemmati D, Caruso A: Effects of electromagnetic fields on proteoglycan metabolism of bovine articular cartilage explants. Connect Tissue Res 2003, 44(3–4):154–159.
[25] Varani K, Gessi S, Merighi S, Iannotta V, Cattabriga E, Pancaldi C, Cadossi R, Borea PA. Alteration of A3 adenosine receptors in human neutrophils and low frequency electromagnetic fields. Biochem Pharmacol. 2003;66(10):1897–1906.
[26] Vincenzi F, Targa M, Corciulo C, Gessi S, Merighi S, Setti S, Cadossi R, Goldring MB, Borea PA, Varani K. Pulsed electromagnetic fields increased the anti-inflammatory effect of A2A and A3 adenosine recep- tors in human T/C-28a2 chondrocytes and hFOB 1.19 osteoblasts. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(5):e65561. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065561. Print 2013.
[27] Vianale, G., Reale, M., Amerio, P., Stefanachi, M., Di Luzio, S., and Muraro, R. (2008). Extremely low frequency electromagnetic field enhances human keratinocyte cell growth and decreases proinflammatory chemokine production. Br J Dermatol 158, 1189–1196.
(citations 341-349).
[28] Borea PA, Gessi S, Merighi S, Varani K. Adenosine as a Multi-Signalling Guardian Angel in Human Diseases: When, Where and How Does it Exert its Protective Effects? Trends Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Jun;37(6):419-434.
[29] Uzunca K, Birtane M, Taştekin N. Effectiveness of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy in lateral epicondylitis. Clin Rheumatol. 2007 Jan;26(1):69-74. doi: 10.1007/s10067-006-0247-9. Epub 2006 Apr 22. PMID: 16633709.
[30] Franceschi C, Campisi J. Chronic inflammation (inflammaging) and its potential contribution to age-associated diseases. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014 Jun;69 Suppl 1:S4-9.
[31] Hubbard, Devin. (2020). Electroceutical Technology: Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of 40-160 T/S Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation (ICES) In The Acute Inflammation Model. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 2. 1-50. 10.37714/josam.v2i2.38
[32] Larson AM, Polson J, Fontana RJ, et al; Acute Liver Failure Study Group. Acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure: Results of a United States multicenter, prospective study. Hepatology 2005;42:1364-72.
[33] Bolesta S, Haber SL. Hepatotoxicity associated with chronic acetaminophen administration in patients without risk factors. Ann Pharmacother 2002;36:331-3.
[34] Henry D. Assessing the benefits and risks of drugs. The example ofNSAIDs. Aust Fam Physician 1990;19:385-7.
[35] Thomas, A. W., K. Graham, et al. (2007). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial using a low- frequency magnetic field in the treatment of musculoskeletal chronic pain. Pain Res Manag 12(4): 249-58.
[36] Thomas AW, Prato FS. Magnetic field based pain therapeutics and diagnostics. Bioelectromagnetics Society, 24th Annual Meeting, Quebec City, PQ, Canada, June, 2002 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2670735
[37] Peloso PM, Bellamy N, Bensen W, et al. Double blind randomized placebo control trial of controlled release codeine in the treatmentof osteoarthritis of the hip or knee. J Rheumatol 2000;27:764-71.
[38] Arkinstall W, Sandler A, Goughnour B, Babul N, Harsanyi Z,Darke AC. Efficacy of controlled-release codeine in chronic non-malignant pain: A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.Pain 1995;62:169-78.65.
[39] Roth SH, Fleischmann RM, Burch FX, et al. Around-the-clock, controlled release oxycodone therapy for osteoarthritis-related pain.Arch Intern Med 2000;160:853-60.66.
[40] Caldwell JR, Hale ME, Boyd RE. Treatment of osteoarthritis pain with controlled release oxycodone or fixed combination oxycodoneplus acetaminophen added to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:A double blind, randomized multicenter placebo controlled trial.J Rheumatol 1999;26:862-9
[41] Caldwell JR, Rapoport RJ, Davis JC, et al. Efficacy and safety of a once-daily morphine formulation in chronic, moderate-to-severe osteoarthritis pain: Results from a randomized placebo-controlled double-blind trial and open-label extension trial. J Pain SymptomManage 2002;23:278-91.
[42] Cook CM, Thomas AW, Prato FS. Resting EEG is affected byexposure to a pulsed ELF magnetic field. Bioelectromagnetics2004;25:196-203
[43] RichardL.Nahin.Estimates of Pain Prevalence and Severity in Adults: United States, 2012. The Journal of Pain, 2015; 16 (8): 769.
[44] FDA Drug Safety Communication:FDA strengthens warning that non- aspirin nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can cause heart attacks or strokes. 2015. Available: https://www.fda.gov/Drugs/DrugSafety/ucm451800.htm [August 10, 2017].
[45] Veronesi F, Torricelli P, Giavaresi G, et al. In vivo effect of two different pulsed electromagnetic field frequencies on osteoarthritis. Orthop Res. 2014 May;32(5):677-85.
[46] Zheng Y, Mei L, Li S, Ma T, Xia B, Hao Y, Gao X, Wei B, Wei Y, Jing D, Luo Z, Huang J. Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Alleviates Intervertebral Disc Degeneration by Activating Sirt1-Autophagy Signaling Network. Front Bioeng Biotechnol. 2022 Mar 21;10:853872
[47] Cashin, A. G., Folly, T., Bagg, M. K., Wewege, M. A., Jones, M. D., Ferraro, M. C., et al. (2021). Efficacy, Acceptability, and Safety of Muscle Relaxants for Adults with Non-specific Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Bmj 374, n1446.
[48] Knezevic, N. N., Candido, K. D., Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Van Zundert, J., and Cohen, S. P. (2021). Low Back Pain. Lancet 398, 78–92.
[49] Cieza, A., Causey, K., Kamenov, K., Hanson, S. W., Chatterji, S., and Vos, T. (2021). Global Estimates of the Need for Rehabilitation Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019: a Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet 396, 2006–2017.
[50] Foster, N. E., Anema, J. R., Cherkin, D., Chou, R., Cohen, S. P., Gross, D. P., et al. (2018). Prevention and Treatment of Low Back Pain: Evidence, Challenges, and Promising Directions. The Lancet 391, 2368–2383
[51] Liu, L., Huang, K., Li, W., Qiu, R., Fang, Y., Huang, Y., et al. (2021). Molecular Imaging of Collagen Destruction of the Spine. ACS Nano 15, 19138–19149.
[52] Tu, J., Li, W., Yang, S., Yang, P., Yan, Q., Wang, S., et al. (2021). Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Reveals Multicellular Ecosystem of Nucleus Pulposus during Degeneration Progression. Adv. Sci. (Weinh) 9, e2103631.
[53] Francisco, V., Pino, J., González-Gay, M. Á., Lago, F., Karppinen, J., Tervonen, O., et al. (2022). A New Immunometabolic Perspective of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 18, 47–60.
[54] Hu, S., Chen, L., Al Mamun, A., Ni, L., Gao, W., Lin, Y., et al. (2021b). The Therapeutic Effect of TBK1 in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration via Coordinating Selective Autophagy and Autophagic Functions. J. Adv. Res. 30, 1–13
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What are the Most Common Causes of Chronic Pain?
1) Arthritis & Joint Degeneration - PEMF: All forms of Arthritis [395-397,403,478-482]
Cause: Arthritis is one of the leading causes of chronic pain. Osteoarthritis occurs due to the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the joints. Symptoms: Joint pain, Swelling, Stiffness, Reduced range of motion
2. Spine & Disc Disorders - PEMF: Low Back Pain [233,291,292,297,299,408,572-574] and Neck Pain* [301,422,425-427,481]
Cause: The spine is a common source of chronic pain, especially as discs and vertebrae degenerate with age. Symptoms: Chronic back or neck pain is the most common symptom.
3) Neuropathic Pain (Nerve Injury) - PEMF: Neuropathic Pain [577,578]
Cause: Neuropathic pain arises from damage or dysfunction in the nervous system. Symptoms: Patients often report burning, shooting, or electric-shock-like pain.
4) Fibromyalgia & Central Sensitization - PEMF: Fibromylagia [407, 454,486-488]
Cause: Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain disorder believed to result from a heightened sensitivity in the brain and nervous system. Symptoms: The hallmark symptom is widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by:Chronic fatigue, Poor sleep, “Fibro fog” (memory and concentration issues)
5) Post-Traumatic or Postsurgical Pain - PEMF: Postoperative pain [295,298,580,581]
Cause: After an injury or surgery, acute pain is expected, but in some cases, it persists for months or even years.
Symptoms: Pain is usually localized to the affected area and may be sharp, aching, or throbbing.
6)Headache Disorders (Migraines, Tension Headaches) - PEMF: Migraine/Headache [234, 288-290,383, 419,420, 491,575]
Cause: Migraines and chronic tension-type headaches are neurological conditions often triggered by:Stress, Hormonal fluctuations, Poor posture, Environmental factors
7) Chronic Cancer-Related or Visceral Pain - PEMF: Cancer Pain [317,579]
Cause: Chronic pain from the disease itself or from treatment side effects (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy).
1) Arthritis & Joint Degeneration - PEMF: All forms of Arthritis [395-397,403,478-482]
Cause: Arthritis is one of the leading causes of chronic pain. Osteoarthritis occurs due to the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the joints. Symptoms: Joint pain, Swelling, Stiffness, Reduced range of motion
2. Spine & Disc Disorders - PEMF: Low Back Pain [233,291,292,297,299,408,572-574] and Neck Pain* [301,422,425-427,481]
Cause: The spine is a common source of chronic pain, especially as discs and vertebrae degenerate with age. Symptoms: Chronic back or neck pain is the most common symptom.
3) Neuropathic Pain (Nerve Injury) - PEMF: Neuropathic Pain [577,578]
Cause: Neuropathic pain arises from damage or dysfunction in the nervous system. Symptoms: Patients often report burning, shooting, or electric-shock-like pain.
4) Fibromyalgia & Central Sensitization - PEMF: Fibromylagia [407, 454,486-488]
Cause: Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain disorder believed to result from a heightened sensitivity in the brain and nervous system. Symptoms: The hallmark symptom is widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by:Chronic fatigue, Poor sleep, “Fibro fog” (memory and concentration issues)
5) Post-Traumatic or Postsurgical Pain - PEMF: Postoperative pain [295,298,580,581]
Cause: After an injury or surgery, acute pain is expected, but in some cases, it persists for months or even years.
Symptoms: Pain is usually localized to the affected area and may be sharp, aching, or throbbing.
6)Headache Disorders (Migraines, Tension Headaches) - PEMF: Migraine/Headache [234, 288-290,383, 419,420, 491,575]
Cause: Migraines and chronic tension-type headaches are neurological conditions often triggered by:Stress, Hormonal fluctuations, Poor posture, Environmental factors
7) Chronic Cancer-Related or Visceral Pain - PEMF: Cancer Pain [317,579]
Cause: Chronic pain from the disease itself or from treatment side effects (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy).
PEMF Actually Helps to Heal the Problem!!
1. Wound contraction is a dynamic process through which connective tissue matrix is formed by collagen fibers synthetized by newly migrated fibroblasts.Fibroblasts secrete collagen protein.
2. Granulation tissue is new connective tissue and microscopic blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process.
3. Remodelling is the final phase of the healing process in which the granulation tissue matures into scar and tissue tensile strength is increased
5 MAIN STEPS INVOLVED IN TISSUE REGENERATION
1) Red light therapy increases proliferation factors that help with cell proliferation, the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells via mitosis. Stated another way, healthy cells divide into more cells, a necessary process to make new tissue after a disease or injury. There is much research showing that red and near infrared light therapy helps skin cells, bone cells, cells that line blood vessels, etc. grow and replicate faster after injury (in a healthy way), which means rapid and more complete healing!
2) Red light therapy increases differentiation factors that enhance cell differentiation, where proliferation increases the number of cells. Cell differentiation is when cells acquire a specific function and form, like becoming liver cells, bone cells, etc.
3) Red light therapy increases cell motility and migration. Some types of cells (e.g. tenocytes in tendons or melanocytes in skin) need to move to travel to the location they’re most needed. Research has shown that red/NIR light can stimulate this.
4) Red light therapy increases protein synthesis. Red/NIR light can also stimulate cells (e.g. skin cells, bone cells, etc.) to produce more proteins (e.g. collagen). These proteins are at the center stage of wound healing, with collagen being the most abundant protein in the body.
5) Red light therapy helps to activate stem cells. Stem cells are apparently even more sensitive to red/NIR light, which has been proven to positively affect growth, movement and viability of stem cells. This may be relevant to both stem cells already present in our body, as well as in the context of stem cell therapy.
1. Wound contraction is a dynamic process through which connective tissue matrix is formed by collagen fibers synthetized by newly migrated fibroblasts.Fibroblasts secrete collagen protein.
2. Granulation tissue is new connective tissue and microscopic blood vessels that form on the surfaces of a wound during the healing process.
3. Remodelling is the final phase of the healing process in which the granulation tissue matures into scar and tissue tensile strength is increased
5 MAIN STEPS INVOLVED IN TISSUE REGENERATION
1) Red light therapy increases proliferation factors that help with cell proliferation, the process by which a cell grows and divides to produce two daughter cells via mitosis. Stated another way, healthy cells divide into more cells, a necessary process to make new tissue after a disease or injury. There is much research showing that red and near infrared light therapy helps skin cells, bone cells, cells that line blood vessels, etc. grow and replicate faster after injury (in a healthy way), which means rapid and more complete healing!
2) Red light therapy increases differentiation factors that enhance cell differentiation, where proliferation increases the number of cells. Cell differentiation is when cells acquire a specific function and form, like becoming liver cells, bone cells, etc.
3) Red light therapy increases cell motility and migration. Some types of cells (e.g. tenocytes in tendons or melanocytes in skin) need to move to travel to the location they’re most needed. Research has shown that red/NIR light can stimulate this.
4) Red light therapy increases protein synthesis. Red/NIR light can also stimulate cells (e.g. skin cells, bone cells, etc.) to produce more proteins (e.g. collagen). These proteins are at the center stage of wound healing, with collagen being the most abundant protein in the body.
5) Red light therapy helps to activate stem cells. Stem cells are apparently even more sensitive to red/NIR light, which has been proven to positively affect growth, movement and viability of stem cells. This may be relevant to both stem cells already present in our body, as well as in the context of stem cell therapy.
Note on Dosage: Dose-response studies demonstrated that the effect was detectable after thirty minutes of exposure and saturation of the receptors was achieved with a magnetic field of 1.5 mT (Fig. 3).
Crisis in U.S. Medicine for Chronic Conditions
Preventative, natural and holistic therapies like PEMF therapy are needed now more than ever. Despite the U.S. spending twice as much on healthcare as any other high income country, our nation performs near or at the bottom of just about all measures of health and health care. For example, the U.S. has one of the lowest lifespans (only 77 years compared to 80 year average of other high income nations), double the average rate of obesity of other high income nations, and more likely than any of high-income country to have multiple chronic conditions. Also since 2015, "avoidable deaths" have been on the rise in the U.S. and the U.S. leads the high income countries by a LARGE margin [1]. Avoidable mortality refers to deaths that are preventable and treatable. Preventable deaths can be avoided through effective public health measures and through primary prevention, such as nutritional diet and exercise.
Clearly our 4.8 trillion dollar medical system (which reached historic highs last year in 2023), is failing because it is based on a "Band-Aid" approach to chronic disease management. Here in the U.S. it is more about disease-care, then it is actual health care. . The failure of our medical system for chronic disease management is most evident with chronic pain which is by far the most prevalent medical issue and complaint.
[1] Munira Z. Gunja, Evan D. Gumas, Reginald D. Williams II, "U.S. Health Care from a Global Perspective, 2022: Accelerating Spending, Worsening Outcomes," Commonwealthfund.org, Jan 2023. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2023/jan/us-health-care-global-perspective-2022
Preventative, natural and holistic therapies like PEMF therapy are needed now more than ever. Despite the U.S. spending twice as much on healthcare as any other high income country, our nation performs near or at the bottom of just about all measures of health and health care. For example, the U.S. has one of the lowest lifespans (only 77 years compared to 80 year average of other high income nations), double the average rate of obesity of other high income nations, and more likely than any of high-income country to have multiple chronic conditions. Also since 2015, "avoidable deaths" have been on the rise in the U.S. and the U.S. leads the high income countries by a LARGE margin [1]. Avoidable mortality refers to deaths that are preventable and treatable. Preventable deaths can be avoided through effective public health measures and through primary prevention, such as nutritional diet and exercise.
Clearly our 4.8 trillion dollar medical system (which reached historic highs last year in 2023), is failing because it is based on a "Band-Aid" approach to chronic disease management. Here in the U.S. it is more about disease-care, then it is actual health care. . The failure of our medical system for chronic disease management is most evident with chronic pain which is by far the most prevalent medical issue and complaint.
[1] Munira Z. Gunja, Evan D. Gumas, Reginald D. Williams II, "U.S. Health Care from a Global Perspective, 2022: Accelerating Spending, Worsening Outcomes," Commonwealthfund.org, Jan 2023. https://www.commonwealthfund.org/publications/issue-briefs/2023/jan/us-health-care-global-perspective-2022
What are the Most Common Causes, Symptoms and Strategies of Chronic Pain?
1) Arthritis & Joint Degeneration
Cause: Arthritis is one of the leading causes of chronic pain.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of joint linings.
Symptoms: Joint pain, Swelling, Stiffness, Reduced range of motion
Management: Anti-Inflammatory Medications, Physical Therapy, Joint Injections, Lifestyle Adjustments, low-impact exercise and weight management to reduce joint stress.
PEMF: All forms of Arthritis [395-397,403,478-482]
Most adults will develop arthritis during their lifetimes, with it becoming progressively worse as the person ages. Many people already have evidence of arthritis in their fifties, often in their sixties, and definitely beyond that. This is one of the reasons that joint replacements have become so common. The use of PEMFs, even with mild arthritis, will improve symptoms and function and decrease progression, probably allowing the person to avoid procedures and eventually joint replacement.
Veronesi F, Torricelli P, Giavaresi G, et al. In vivo effect of two different pulsed electromagnetic field frequencies on osteoarthritis. Orthop Res. 2014 May;32(5):677-85.
2. Spine & Disc Disorders
Cause: The spine is a common source of chronic pain, especially as discs and vertebrae degenerate with age. Some conditions can place pressure on surrounding nerves and tissues, such as: Herniated discs, Spinal stenosis(narrowing of the spinal canal),Degenerative disc disease
Symptoms: Chronic back or neck pain is the most common symptom. Patients may also experience: Numbness, Tingling, Weakness in the arms or legs, Pain often worsens with prolonged sitting, standing, or physical activity.
Management: Physical Therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Medications, Epidural Steroid Injections
PEMF: Low Back Pain [233,291,292,297,299,408,572-574] and Neck Pain* [301,422,425-427,481]
3) Neuropathic Pain (Nerve Injury)
Cause: Neuropathic pain arises from damage or dysfunction in the nervous system. Common causes include: Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy), Shingles, Chemotherapy-induced nerve damage, Trauma to peripheral nerves
Symptoms: Patients often report burning, shooting, or electric-shock-like pain. Other sensations may include: tingling, numbness, or extreme sensitivity to touch (allodynia), even from light clothing or bedsheets.
Management: Because neuropathic pain responds poorly to typical over-the-counter medications, pain management physicians often prescribe anticonvulsants or antidepressants. Interventional options may also be considered, such as: Nerve Blocks, Spinal Cord Stimulation, Physical Therapy
PEMF: Neuropathic Pain [577,578]
4) Fibromyalgia & Central Sensitization
Cause: Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain disorder believed to result from a heightened sensitivity in the brain and nervous system. It may be triggered by physical trauma, infections, or emotional stress. Central sensitization amplifies the brain’s response to pain signals, making minor discomfort feel severe.
Symptoms: The hallmark symptom is widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by:Chronic fatigue, Poor sleep, “Fibro fog” (memory and concentration issues), Heightened sensitivity to pressure and temperature
Management: Chronic pain management for fibromyalgia focuses on a holistic approach. Treatment plans often include: Low-Impact Exercise (e.g. walking or swimming), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Sleep Hygiene Improvements, Medications that Address Nerve Sensitivity
PEMF: Fibromylagia [407, 454,486-488]
5) Post-Traumatic or Postsurgical Pain
Cause: After an injury or surgery, acute pain is expected, but in some cases, it persists for months or even years. When pain continues beyond the expected healing time, it’s classified as chronic. This may be due to nerve damage, scar tissue formation, or abnormal healing patterns.
Symptoms: Pain is usually localized to the affected area and may be sharp, aching, or throbbing. You may also notice increased sensitivity, stiffness, or weakness in the region.
Management: Pain management treatment may include: Physical Rehabilitation, Targeted Injections, Nerve Blocks
Medications to Calm Irritated Nerves
PEMF: Postoperative pain [295,298,580,581]
6)Headache Disorders (Migraines, Tension Headaches)
Cause: Migraines and chronic tension-type headaches are neurological conditions often triggered by:Stress, Hormonal fluctuations, Poor posture, Environmental factors
Symptoms: Symptoms may include throbbing or pressure-like pain in the head, often accompanied by sensitivity to light, sound, or smell. Migraines may also involve nausea, visual disturbances, or aura.
Management: Effective chronic pain management for headaches involves: Identifying Triggers, Using Preventive Medications, Incorporating Non-Drug Strategies, Biofeedback, Posture Correction, Physical Therapy, Interventional Treatments, Occipital Nerve Blocks
PEMF: Migraine/Headache [234, 288-290,383, 419,420, 491,575]
7) Chronic Cancer-Related or Visceral Pain
Cause: Chronic pain related to cancer can result from the disease itself (tumor pressure on nerves or organs) or from treatment side effects (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy). Visceral pain arises from internal organs, and may also become chronic in conditions like endometriosis, pancreatitis, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Symptoms: This pain may be deep, aching, cramping, or intermittent. It often interferes with daily life, including eating, sleeping, or physical activity.
Management: Treatment requires a sensitive and balanced approach. Options may include:Nerve Blocks, Opioid or Non-Opioid Medications, Integrative Therapies, Acupuncture, Counseling
PEMF: Cancer Pain [317,579]
1) Arthritis & Joint Degeneration
Cause: Arthritis is one of the leading causes of chronic pain.
Osteoarthritis occurs due to the gradual breakdown of cartilage in the joints.
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of joint linings.
Symptoms: Joint pain, Swelling, Stiffness, Reduced range of motion
Management: Anti-Inflammatory Medications, Physical Therapy, Joint Injections, Lifestyle Adjustments, low-impact exercise and weight management to reduce joint stress.
PEMF: All forms of Arthritis [395-397,403,478-482]
Most adults will develop arthritis during their lifetimes, with it becoming progressively worse as the person ages. Many people already have evidence of arthritis in their fifties, often in their sixties, and definitely beyond that. This is one of the reasons that joint replacements have become so common. The use of PEMFs, even with mild arthritis, will improve symptoms and function and decrease progression, probably allowing the person to avoid procedures and eventually joint replacement.
Veronesi F, Torricelli P, Giavaresi G, et al. In vivo effect of two different pulsed electromagnetic field frequencies on osteoarthritis. Orthop Res. 2014 May;32(5):677-85.
2. Spine & Disc Disorders
Cause: The spine is a common source of chronic pain, especially as discs and vertebrae degenerate with age. Some conditions can place pressure on surrounding nerves and tissues, such as: Herniated discs, Spinal stenosis(narrowing of the spinal canal),Degenerative disc disease
Symptoms: Chronic back or neck pain is the most common symptom. Patients may also experience: Numbness, Tingling, Weakness in the arms or legs, Pain often worsens with prolonged sitting, standing, or physical activity.
Management: Physical Therapy, Anti-Inflammatory Medications, Epidural Steroid Injections
PEMF: Low Back Pain [233,291,292,297,299,408,572-574] and Neck Pain* [301,422,425-427,481]
3) Neuropathic Pain (Nerve Injury)
Cause: Neuropathic pain arises from damage or dysfunction in the nervous system. Common causes include: Diabetes (diabetic neuropathy), Shingles, Chemotherapy-induced nerve damage, Trauma to peripheral nerves
Symptoms: Patients often report burning, shooting, or electric-shock-like pain. Other sensations may include: tingling, numbness, or extreme sensitivity to touch (allodynia), even from light clothing or bedsheets.
Management: Because neuropathic pain responds poorly to typical over-the-counter medications, pain management physicians often prescribe anticonvulsants or antidepressants. Interventional options may also be considered, such as: Nerve Blocks, Spinal Cord Stimulation, Physical Therapy
PEMF: Neuropathic Pain [577,578]
4) Fibromyalgia & Central Sensitization
Cause: Fibromyalgia is a complex chronic pain disorder believed to result from a heightened sensitivity in the brain and nervous system. It may be triggered by physical trauma, infections, or emotional stress. Central sensitization amplifies the brain’s response to pain signals, making minor discomfort feel severe.
Symptoms: The hallmark symptom is widespread musculoskeletal pain accompanied by:Chronic fatigue, Poor sleep, “Fibro fog” (memory and concentration issues), Heightened sensitivity to pressure and temperature
Management: Chronic pain management for fibromyalgia focuses on a holistic approach. Treatment plans often include: Low-Impact Exercise (e.g. walking or swimming), Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT), Sleep Hygiene Improvements, Medications that Address Nerve Sensitivity
PEMF: Fibromylagia [407, 454,486-488]
5) Post-Traumatic or Postsurgical Pain
Cause: After an injury or surgery, acute pain is expected, but in some cases, it persists for months or even years. When pain continues beyond the expected healing time, it’s classified as chronic. This may be due to nerve damage, scar tissue formation, or abnormal healing patterns.
Symptoms: Pain is usually localized to the affected area and may be sharp, aching, or throbbing. You may also notice increased sensitivity, stiffness, or weakness in the region.
Management: Pain management treatment may include: Physical Rehabilitation, Targeted Injections, Nerve Blocks
Medications to Calm Irritated Nerves
PEMF: Postoperative pain [295,298,580,581]
6)Headache Disorders (Migraines, Tension Headaches)
Cause: Migraines and chronic tension-type headaches are neurological conditions often triggered by:Stress, Hormonal fluctuations, Poor posture, Environmental factors
Symptoms: Symptoms may include throbbing or pressure-like pain in the head, often accompanied by sensitivity to light, sound, or smell. Migraines may also involve nausea, visual disturbances, or aura.
Management: Effective chronic pain management for headaches involves: Identifying Triggers, Using Preventive Medications, Incorporating Non-Drug Strategies, Biofeedback, Posture Correction, Physical Therapy, Interventional Treatments, Occipital Nerve Blocks
PEMF: Migraine/Headache [234, 288-290,383, 419,420, 491,575]
7) Chronic Cancer-Related or Visceral Pain
Cause: Chronic pain related to cancer can result from the disease itself (tumor pressure on nerves or organs) or from treatment side effects (surgery, radiation, chemotherapy). Visceral pain arises from internal organs, and may also become chronic in conditions like endometriosis, pancreatitis, or irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Symptoms: This pain may be deep, aching, cramping, or intermittent. It often interferes with daily life, including eating, sleeping, or physical activity.
Management: Treatment requires a sensitive and balanced approach. Options may include:Nerve Blocks, Opioid or Non-Opioid Medications, Integrative Therapies, Acupuncture, Counseling
PEMF: Cancer Pain [317,579]