2025 PEMF Buyers Guide (*Not Finished Yet)

Introduction - What is PEMF?
PEMF stands for Pulsed ElectroMagnetic Fields and PEMFs are magnetic fields that change with time, or sometimes called time varying magnetic fields.
PEMF (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field) technology works by sending low-level frequency throughout your body to recharge cells, expedite recovery, and calm the central nervous system. PEMF haas been scientifically-proven to improve chronic pain conditions, lessen inflammation, and improve immune response. There are over 30,000 studies showing the healing benefits of PEMF therapy making it one of the most researched and validated energy medicine modalities.
Now segueing to the buyers guide, it is important to keep in mind that the P in PEMF stands for "PULSED" or changing or time varying magnetic fields. How quickly the PEMF magnetic fields change with time is quantified by what is called the Slew Rate. And it turns out the Slew Rate is very likely THE most important parameter in all of PEMF, and sadly most companies don't even list their slew rates - actually most PEMF companies don't even talk about it! So while this Buyers Guide has 16 important points to look for when shopping for a PEMF therapy device, the most important Point is getting a PEMF device with a therapeutic and research proven Slew Rate, THIS is what is most important - not intensity, not frequency, but Slew rate! And it is not just our opinion - research, science and engineering confirm that THIS is the main way on how magnetic fields transfer energy wirelessly which in the case of PEMF is transferring energy wirelessly from the PEMF mat or applicators to your to your cells, tissues, organs and whole body. Along with slew rate, you need the right coil geometry and configuration which mainly includes having a good full body mat and localized applicators that evenly distribute and deeply penetrate these therapeutic slew rates. Along with slew rate and coils, also we need the repetition rate frequencies to be just right for the time of day and also a wide spectrum of frequencies (spectral content) for maximal cell, tissue, organ and body-wide resonance.
Without a scientifically and research based buyers guide like this, it is a tremendous challenge to know exactly what kind of PEMF device to use in PEMF therapy and there are many conflicting opinions from different companies and so called influencer/experts which is a testament to this problem. Some claim you need high intensity, some low intensity, some say they have a special signal, others use proven signals like a square-wave, some have custom frequency settings, others say frequency is not as important as intensity and on and on.
My experience is that many influencers that promote various PEMF products (doctors included) don't hardly understand the real science of PEMF at all. On top of that their are many scammy review sites that are owned by the companies ranked the best, and also some bait and switch websites and ebay accounts that claim to sell many brands, but in reality are selling mainly one.
To complicate matters there are several types of PEMF devices, everything from low intensity full body mat systems, to high intensity devices, to portable PEMF devices and single doug coil-like devices along with a new category we call "Cheap Chinese Gemstone mats" which are the worst of the worst (read point #7 in our buyers guide for this biggest scam going on in the PEMF industry (you can buy these cheap mats on Alibaba for usually a tiny fraction of what these companies are selling them for). Many of these cheap Chinese mats have bogus review sites they prey upon unknowing buyers with heavy handed and paid influencer marketing offering a whole spectrum of cheap cracker-jack like gimmicks promising all these added "prizes" in every mat (they call them multiple therapy mats), which are as worthless as the mats themselves. The reason we highlight this scam is they are sadly the top selling devices and as you'll see, they are not PEMF AT ALL - they are EMF/Electrosmog!!
Prior to starting our journey to finding a GOOD quality and effective whole body PEMF mat, we should consider many critical aspects of them. We will outline 16 essential points that we should know before deciding on a PEMF DEVICE for personal or professional use in our comprehensive Buyer’s Guide to Full body PEMF therapy mats. We have owned and tested over 60 PEMF devices and we both have been leading figures in PEMF for a combined 35 years. In this 2025 buyers guide to PEMF, it is our hope to shine a guiding light on what to look for in PEMF therapy devices and also what to avoid. Our guide is based on PEMF research, physics and what really works based on our combined 35 years of experience.
Add in: the tacit assumption that PEMF is “one thing” and thus it either works or it does not, and that the key parameters of PEMF are incorrectly assumed to be “frequency” and “Gauss”
PEMF is not just PEMF - Companies jumping on PEMF bandwagon.
2025 Buyers Guide Outline - 16 Points To Look for When Shopping for PEMF therapy device
Point #1 - Research-Proven Slew Rate that induce healing micro currents (The most important parameter in PEMF!)
Point #2 - Large Coils for Deep Penetration and Uniform Distribution so your whole body is treated.
Point #3 - A broad spectrum of natural and biologically active frequencies for beneficial resonant effects
Point #4 Programs with Repetition Rates based on brain entrainment and earth frequencies.
Point #5 PEMF Accessories (Beware of Gimmicks and Misleading Marketing)
Point #6 - The Myth of High Intensity, The Big Lie when it comes to PEMF
Point #7 Avoid Cheap Chinese Gemstone Mats (counterfeit PEMF)
Point #8 Low EMF /Electrosmog emissions and Safe but effective Frequencies and Slew Rates/Intensities
Point #9 PEMF DEVICE and applicators assembled with strict quality standards
Point #10 Is the device comfortable and easy to use
Point #11: Price and Value (Not the Cheapest but the Best Value/Dollar)
Point #12 Does the device have a solid warranty (and make sure to read the fine print).
Point #13 Does the company stand behind their product with a trial period or return policy
Point #14: FDA registration and the Product FDA Cleared?
Point #15: High End Customer Service, Training and Support
Point #16: Does the device have business and marketing support (and a good affiliate program).
PEMF stands for Pulsed ElectroMagnetic Fields and PEMFs are magnetic fields that change with time, or sometimes called time varying magnetic fields.
PEMF (Pulsed Electromagnetic Field) technology works by sending low-level frequency throughout your body to recharge cells, expedite recovery, and calm the central nervous system. PEMF haas been scientifically-proven to improve chronic pain conditions, lessen inflammation, and improve immune response. There are over 30,000 studies showing the healing benefits of PEMF therapy making it one of the most researched and validated energy medicine modalities.
Now segueing to the buyers guide, it is important to keep in mind that the P in PEMF stands for "PULSED" or changing or time varying magnetic fields. How quickly the PEMF magnetic fields change with time is quantified by what is called the Slew Rate. And it turns out the Slew Rate is very likely THE most important parameter in all of PEMF, and sadly most companies don't even list their slew rates - actually most PEMF companies don't even talk about it! So while this Buyers Guide has 16 important points to look for when shopping for a PEMF therapy device, the most important Point is getting a PEMF device with a therapeutic and research proven Slew Rate, THIS is what is most important - not intensity, not frequency, but Slew rate! And it is not just our opinion - research, science and engineering confirm that THIS is the main way on how magnetic fields transfer energy wirelessly which in the case of PEMF is transferring energy wirelessly from the PEMF mat or applicators to your to your cells, tissues, organs and whole body. Along with slew rate, you need the right coil geometry and configuration which mainly includes having a good full body mat and localized applicators that evenly distribute and deeply penetrate these therapeutic slew rates. Along with slew rate and coils, also we need the repetition rate frequencies to be just right for the time of day and also a wide spectrum of frequencies (spectral content) for maximal cell, tissue, organ and body-wide resonance.
Without a scientifically and research based buyers guide like this, it is a tremendous challenge to know exactly what kind of PEMF device to use in PEMF therapy and there are many conflicting opinions from different companies and so called influencer/experts which is a testament to this problem. Some claim you need high intensity, some low intensity, some say they have a special signal, others use proven signals like a square-wave, some have custom frequency settings, others say frequency is not as important as intensity and on and on.
My experience is that many influencers that promote various PEMF products (doctors included) don't hardly understand the real science of PEMF at all. On top of that their are many scammy review sites that are owned by the companies ranked the best, and also some bait and switch websites and ebay accounts that claim to sell many brands, but in reality are selling mainly one.
To complicate matters there are several types of PEMF devices, everything from low intensity full body mat systems, to high intensity devices, to portable PEMF devices and single doug coil-like devices along with a new category we call "Cheap Chinese Gemstone mats" which are the worst of the worst (read point #7 in our buyers guide for this biggest scam going on in the PEMF industry (you can buy these cheap mats on Alibaba for usually a tiny fraction of what these companies are selling them for). Many of these cheap Chinese mats have bogus review sites they prey upon unknowing buyers with heavy handed and paid influencer marketing offering a whole spectrum of cheap cracker-jack like gimmicks promising all these added "prizes" in every mat (they call them multiple therapy mats), which are as worthless as the mats themselves. The reason we highlight this scam is they are sadly the top selling devices and as you'll see, they are not PEMF AT ALL - they are EMF/Electrosmog!!
Prior to starting our journey to finding a GOOD quality and effective whole body PEMF mat, we should consider many critical aspects of them. We will outline 16 essential points that we should know before deciding on a PEMF DEVICE for personal or professional use in our comprehensive Buyer’s Guide to Full body PEMF therapy mats. We have owned and tested over 60 PEMF devices and we both have been leading figures in PEMF for a combined 35 years. In this 2025 buyers guide to PEMF, it is our hope to shine a guiding light on what to look for in PEMF therapy devices and also what to avoid. Our guide is based on PEMF research, physics and what really works based on our combined 35 years of experience.
Add in: the tacit assumption that PEMF is “one thing” and thus it either works or it does not, and that the key parameters of PEMF are incorrectly assumed to be “frequency” and “Gauss”
PEMF is not just PEMF - Companies jumping on PEMF bandwagon.
2025 Buyers Guide Outline - 16 Points To Look for When Shopping for PEMF therapy device
Point #1 - Research-Proven Slew Rate that induce healing micro currents (The most important parameter in PEMF!)
Point #2 - Large Coils for Deep Penetration and Uniform Distribution so your whole body is treated.
Point #3 - A broad spectrum of natural and biologically active frequencies for beneficial resonant effects
Point #4 Programs with Repetition Rates based on brain entrainment and earth frequencies.
Point #5 PEMF Accessories (Beware of Gimmicks and Misleading Marketing)
Point #6 - The Myth of High Intensity, The Big Lie when it comes to PEMF
Point #7 Avoid Cheap Chinese Gemstone Mats (counterfeit PEMF)
Point #8 Low EMF /Electrosmog emissions and Safe but effective Frequencies and Slew Rates/Intensities
Point #9 PEMF DEVICE and applicators assembled with strict quality standards
Point #10 Is the device comfortable and easy to use
Point #11: Price and Value (Not the Cheapest but the Best Value/Dollar)
Point #12 Does the device have a solid warranty (and make sure to read the fine print).
Point #13 Does the company stand behind their product with a trial period or return policy
Point #14: FDA registration and the Product FDA Cleared?
Point #15: High End Customer Service, Training and Support
Point #16: Does the device have business and marketing support (and a good affiliate program).
Basic Science of PEMF Part 1
Magnetic Fields Come from Current Loops
PEMF therapy devices are based on a couple key principles in physics: Ampere's Law and Faradays law. First there is Ampere's law which states that a current flowing through a wire creates a circulating magnetic, with the direction of the field dictated by the right hand rule as shown here. But something amazing happens when you create a loop with that same current bearing wire: all the magnetic field lines reinforce each other in the middle and you get a North-South pole magnetic field! In fact if you wind the coil into a column (called a solenoid), you end up with an electromagnet that has an identical magnetic field to a bar magnet! If you put a black box around both you would not know which is which. It turns out even at the atomic level magnetic materials like ferromagnetic iron have magnetic field properties due to circulating electrons (little mini current loops)!
The intensity of a magnetic field is expressed in units of Gauss or Tesla (1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss). For example the earth has a magnetic field intensity of about .35-.70 Gauss which is 35 - 70 microtesla (a millionth of a tesla). Strong neodymium magnetics have magnetic field intensities of around 10,000 Gauss or 1 Tesla and MRI's are around 15,000 Gauss or 1.5 T. With PEMF devices usually we use microtesta for low intensity PEMF, millitesla for medium intensity PEMF, and Tesla (or gauss) for high intensity PEMF. But as we'll soon see, the key to PEMF is NOT intensity, but we need to properly define magnetic field intensity first.
Magnetic Fields Come from Current Loops
PEMF therapy devices are based on a couple key principles in physics: Ampere's Law and Faradays law. First there is Ampere's law which states that a current flowing through a wire creates a circulating magnetic, with the direction of the field dictated by the right hand rule as shown here. But something amazing happens when you create a loop with that same current bearing wire: all the magnetic field lines reinforce each other in the middle and you get a North-South pole magnetic field! In fact if you wind the coil into a column (called a solenoid), you end up with an electromagnet that has an identical magnetic field to a bar magnet! If you put a black box around both you would not know which is which. It turns out even at the atomic level magnetic materials like ferromagnetic iron have magnetic field properties due to circulating electrons (little mini current loops)!
The intensity of a magnetic field is expressed in units of Gauss or Tesla (1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss). For example the earth has a magnetic field intensity of about .35-.70 Gauss which is 35 - 70 microtesla (a millionth of a tesla). Strong neodymium magnetics have magnetic field intensities of around 10,000 Gauss or 1 Tesla and MRI's are around 15,000 Gauss or 1.5 T. With PEMF devices usually we use microtesta for low intensity PEMF, millitesla for medium intensity PEMF, and Tesla (or gauss) for high intensity PEMF. But as we'll soon see, the key to PEMF is NOT intensity, but we need to properly define magnetic field intensity first.
Pulsing Magnetic Fields and PEMF coils and signals
So far we have been talking only about a constant flow of current called a DC current (no change). What makes PEMF different from magnets or electromagnets is that it PULSES, CHANGES or VARIES the magnetic field. This creates a signal defining how the magnetic field changes with time. It is important to note that PEMFs are closed loop fields like a bar magnet where the field does not radiate away.
Now while it is ok to use Gauss or Tesla to measure and describe static magnets, this is NOT what we should be using to describe PEMFs! Sadly many so called PEMF experts focus on getting more Gauss or Tesla. But PEMFs are not static magnets! With PEMF we need to introduce three signal parameters along with the size, geometry and coil distribution (for more than one PEMF coil like on a full body mat). It turns out the energy transferred from any given PEMF device to a person using it depends on how quickly the field changes (defined by the slew rate) and the penetration depth of that energy depends on the coils used. The first two points in this buyers guide relates to these two critical facets of a good PEMF device: the slew rate and the coils.
So far we have been talking only about a constant flow of current called a DC current (no change). What makes PEMF different from magnets or electromagnets is that it PULSES, CHANGES or VARIES the magnetic field. This creates a signal defining how the magnetic field changes with time. It is important to note that PEMFs are closed loop fields like a bar magnet where the field does not radiate away.
Now while it is ok to use Gauss or Tesla to measure and describe static magnets, this is NOT what we should be using to describe PEMFs! Sadly many so called PEMF experts focus on getting more Gauss or Tesla. But PEMFs are not static magnets! With PEMF we need to introduce three signal parameters along with the size, geometry and coil distribution (for more than one PEMF coil like on a full body mat). It turns out the energy transferred from any given PEMF device to a person using it depends on how quickly the field changes (defined by the slew rate) and the penetration depth of that energy depends on the coils used. The first two points in this buyers guide relates to these two critical facets of a good PEMF device: the slew rate and the coils.
Point #1 - Research-Proven Slew Rate that induces healing micro currents (The most important parameter in PEMF!

As we mentioned, Ampere's law states that any current carrying loop of wire or coil generates a magnetic field nearly identical to that of a static magnet. All GOOD pemf devices will have circular loops, flat coils or solenoids that generate a magnetic field. The next and most important principle of physics that governs PEMF is Faraday's Law which states that a changing or "pulsed" magnetic field induces a circulating EMF (ElectroMotive Force measured in Volts), and this EMF is what generates and drives electrical currents in nearby conductors like a wire OR YOUR BODY! Yes, it turns out your body is a very good conductor. Faraday's Law is literally the EMF in PEMF (Electromotive Force), such that the how quickly the "P" or "Pulsing" in P-EMF changes with time dictates how much energy (EMF) is transferred to your body! As we'll see next rapid rise and fall signals (like square waves) provide more OOMPH or ENERGY to your cells then slow rising waves (like sine waves).

From Faraday's law we can determine that fast changing or pulsing magnetic fields induce more energy than slow changing fields. This is critical because Faraday's law very clearly tells us that the amount of energy a PEMF device can transfer to your cells, tissues, organs and body depends on how quickly the magnetic field changes!
Slew rate is a quantitative measurement of of this energy transfer. As shown in the graphic here, Slew rate is essentially the peak magnetic field intensity (B) divided by the rise time (t) - the rise time is the time a PEMF signal takes to reach its peak (the shorter the rise time, the greater the slew rate)! This gives us rise/run (dB/dt) or the slope of the PEMF signal as seen on an oscilloscope. The Slew rate is a measure of the steepness of this slope. A high slew rate means that the PEMF is pulsing or changing quickly which means more energy and better healing (up to a point as we'll see).
Note: Slew rate is readily measured using Hall effect sensors and an oscilloscope, and when measured accurately yields good estimates of the induced field within the tissues.
Slew rate is a quantitative measurement of of this energy transfer. As shown in the graphic here, Slew rate is essentially the peak magnetic field intensity (B) divided by the rise time (t) - the rise time is the time a PEMF signal takes to reach its peak (the shorter the rise time, the greater the slew rate)! This gives us rise/run (dB/dt) or the slope of the PEMF signal as seen on an oscilloscope. The Slew rate is a measure of the steepness of this slope. A high slew rate means that the PEMF is pulsing or changing quickly which means more energy and better healing (up to a point as we'll see).
Note: Slew rate is readily measured using Hall effect sensors and an oscilloscope, and when measured accurately yields good estimates of the induced field within the tissues.

Everyday examples of slew rate
Before we take a deeper dive on Slew rate in PEMF, let's give a couple everyday examples to get a better feel for what Slew rate is. A simple example is credit card readers and the magnetic strip on the back. The reason you want to swipe your credit card fast is that it changes the magnetic field more quickly which means a higher slew rate than a slow swipe which in turn induces more current to the credit card reader. That is a very concrete everyday example of slew rate because your fast swipe is what is creating the changing magnetic field which is quantified by slew rate.
Cordless Toothbrushes are another good example. Here you have a primary coil in the toothbrush charger that creates a magnetic field that changes with time. This changing magnetic field creates and EMF or that induces an electrical current in a secondary coil in your toothbrush. This current then charges up the battery in your toothbrush! You can charge electrical devices wirelessly with a high enough slew rate.
Another great example is wireless charging plates or Qi Chargers that can charge your smartphone, table or smart watch using a changing magnetic field. The process is the same as in your electric toothbrush, that is, a changing magnetic field induces a current in your phone which charges the phone battery. What is so interesting is when you open up these charging plates they have little PEMF coils almost identical to PEMF devices! - Segue To PEMF.
Slew Rate is the most straightforward way to wirelessly transfer energy using magnetic fields. Regardless of what devices is being charged (including your body with a PEMF device), it essentially involves the same three steps.
1) A changing or alternating (AC) current from the wall outlet flows through a coil (the primary coil) inside the wireless charger.
2) A changing or pulsed magnetic field induces an EMF that drives a current in the secondary coil in the toothbrush. phone, or whatever device is to be charged.
3) The induced electrical current in the phone or toothbrush charges the battery in the device.
Before we take a deeper dive on Slew rate in PEMF, let's give a couple everyday examples to get a better feel for what Slew rate is. A simple example is credit card readers and the magnetic strip on the back. The reason you want to swipe your credit card fast is that it changes the magnetic field more quickly which means a higher slew rate than a slow swipe which in turn induces more current to the credit card reader. That is a very concrete everyday example of slew rate because your fast swipe is what is creating the changing magnetic field which is quantified by slew rate.
Cordless Toothbrushes are another good example. Here you have a primary coil in the toothbrush charger that creates a magnetic field that changes with time. This changing magnetic field creates and EMF or that induces an electrical current in a secondary coil in your toothbrush. This current then charges up the battery in your toothbrush! You can charge electrical devices wirelessly with a high enough slew rate.
Another great example is wireless charging plates or Qi Chargers that can charge your smartphone, table or smart watch using a changing magnetic field. The process is the same as in your electric toothbrush, that is, a changing magnetic field induces a current in your phone which charges the phone battery. What is so interesting is when you open up these charging plates they have little PEMF coils almost identical to PEMF devices! - Segue To PEMF.
Slew Rate is the most straightforward way to wirelessly transfer energy using magnetic fields. Regardless of what devices is being charged (including your body with a PEMF device), it essentially involves the same three steps.
1) A changing or alternating (AC) current from the wall outlet flows through a coil (the primary coil) inside the wireless charger.
2) A changing or pulsed magnetic field induces an EMF that drives a current in the secondary coil in the toothbrush. phone, or whatever device is to be charged.
3) The induced electrical current in the phone or toothbrush charges the battery in the device.

PEMF is a Whole Body Battery Recharger
What we have been talking about is called Inductive coupling which is the process of transferring energy from one circuit to another through a shared magnetic field. This is how wireless charging plates work, how electric toothbrushes work, how transformers work and ALSO how PEMF WORKS! This is why I call PEMF therapy a whole body battery recharger which charges up your 37 trillion cellular batteries through inductive coupling. And the higher the slew rate of the shared magnetic field the more energy is transferred to your cells, tissues and organs.
So you can see the big picture of how PEMF works in the image here. First a PEMF device will generate an electrical signal that is then sent to the PEMF coils and through Ampere's Law this electrical current will generate a magnetic field that surrounds the coils just a magnetic field surrounds a bar magnet. This is the original driving signal that is produced by the electronic circuit within the PEMF device.
But because the signal pulses or changes with time, the magnetic field will vibrate and oscillate in ways that correspond to the source signal. To induce the desired electrical fields in tissue, it is essential to use a properly engineered high slew-rate signal, and as we'll see, it is important to have large coils for deep penetration.
The faster a signal changes with time (high slew rate), the more energy is transferred and the greater the biological effect until the biological response is at a max. Fast changing signals like squarewaves, impulses amd sawtooth waves induce more energy than slow changing signals like sine waves. This induced EMF produces microcurrents in your cells, tissues and organs that charge up your body like a whole body battery recharging plate. You can think of high slew rate PEMF devices like 3D microcurrent therapy where these induced healing microcurrents have many benefits that we'll touch on next. Because of the parallels with microcurrent therapy, it is worth pointing out a few reasons high slew rate PEMF works better and faster than traditional microcurrent therapies like TENS, estim, etc.
What we have been talking about is called Inductive coupling which is the process of transferring energy from one circuit to another through a shared magnetic field. This is how wireless charging plates work, how electric toothbrushes work, how transformers work and ALSO how PEMF WORKS! This is why I call PEMF therapy a whole body battery recharger which charges up your 37 trillion cellular batteries through inductive coupling. And the higher the slew rate of the shared magnetic field the more energy is transferred to your cells, tissues and organs.
So you can see the big picture of how PEMF works in the image here. First a PEMF device will generate an electrical signal that is then sent to the PEMF coils and through Ampere's Law this electrical current will generate a magnetic field that surrounds the coils just a magnetic field surrounds a bar magnet. This is the original driving signal that is produced by the electronic circuit within the PEMF device.
But because the signal pulses or changes with time, the magnetic field will vibrate and oscillate in ways that correspond to the source signal. To induce the desired electrical fields in tissue, it is essential to use a properly engineered high slew-rate signal, and as we'll see, it is important to have large coils for deep penetration.
The faster a signal changes with time (high slew rate), the more energy is transferred and the greater the biological effect until the biological response is at a max. Fast changing signals like squarewaves, impulses amd sawtooth waves induce more energy than slow changing signals like sine waves. This induced EMF produces microcurrents in your cells, tissues and organs that charge up your body like a whole body battery recharging plate. You can think of high slew rate PEMF devices like 3D microcurrent therapy where these induced healing microcurrents have many benefits that we'll touch on next. Because of the parallels with microcurrent therapy, it is worth pointing out a few reasons high slew rate PEMF works better and faster than traditional microcurrent therapies like TENS, estim, etc.

Benefits of high slew rate PEMF (induction) over Microcurrent (conduction).
Back in the late 1960s and early 70s, microcurrent therapy (conduction-based) was used to heal bone fractures including non-union fractures that refused to heal with traditional medical approaches. The problem was that this required electrotrodes being surgically implanted on both sides of the fracture so it was very invasive but effective. What Arthur Pilla and Andrew Bassett discovered in 1974 is that you can use a high slew rate PEMF signal to naturally and non-invasively induce healing microcurrents with PEMF coils (induction coils).
Unlike electric currents, the human body is transparent to magnetic fields making it superior in many ways over microcurrent therapy. Because magnetic fields are dipoles (no magnetic monopoles), they cannot be blocked, shield or slowed down. PEMFs goes through your body like wind across a grassy field! Microcurrents - being conduction based - get blocked by the skin and tissues via impedance/resistance so they don't penetrate nearly as well as PEMF (hence why they need to be surgically implanted in deep tissue applications). Also microcurrents can get re-routed away from the target area if there is a path of lower resistance AND they cannot cover nearly as large a volume (or as evenly) as high slew rate PEMFs can. Additionally, in order to cover a large area with microcurrent therapy you need many electrodes on the bare skin (and a conductive gel applied). PEMF you can do over clothing, casts, bandages, etc. reaching deep tissues and lesions, and no such messy gels are needed! A good high slew rate PEMF device penetrates deeper and covers a larger volume of tissue (and more uniformally) than conduction-based technologies such as TENS, estim and other micro-current stimulation devices on the market. And with many full body mat options now you can apply PEMFs on the whole body at once, inducing healing microcurrents from head to toe!
One final advantage of PEMF over more general forms of microcurrent stimulation is that when properly applied, high slew rate PEMF pulses are transformed into induced electrical signals that themselves mimic known electrical signals within living tissues.
therefore PEMF can take advantage of native signal reception and amplification mechanisms within living cells/tissues, thus requiring only very low stimulation energy to achieve the desired cellular response. Lets now look at all the benefits of inducing healing microcurrents in the body with a good high slew rate PEMF device.
Back in the late 1960s and early 70s, microcurrent therapy (conduction-based) was used to heal bone fractures including non-union fractures that refused to heal with traditional medical approaches. The problem was that this required electrotrodes being surgically implanted on both sides of the fracture so it was very invasive but effective. What Arthur Pilla and Andrew Bassett discovered in 1974 is that you can use a high slew rate PEMF signal to naturally and non-invasively induce healing microcurrents with PEMF coils (induction coils).
Unlike electric currents, the human body is transparent to magnetic fields making it superior in many ways over microcurrent therapy. Because magnetic fields are dipoles (no magnetic monopoles), they cannot be blocked, shield or slowed down. PEMFs goes through your body like wind across a grassy field! Microcurrents - being conduction based - get blocked by the skin and tissues via impedance/resistance so they don't penetrate nearly as well as PEMF (hence why they need to be surgically implanted in deep tissue applications). Also microcurrents can get re-routed away from the target area if there is a path of lower resistance AND they cannot cover nearly as large a volume (or as evenly) as high slew rate PEMFs can. Additionally, in order to cover a large area with microcurrent therapy you need many electrodes on the bare skin (and a conductive gel applied). PEMF you can do over clothing, casts, bandages, etc. reaching deep tissues and lesions, and no such messy gels are needed! A good high slew rate PEMF device penetrates deeper and covers a larger volume of tissue (and more uniformally) than conduction-based technologies such as TENS, estim and other micro-current stimulation devices on the market. And with many full body mat options now you can apply PEMFs on the whole body at once, inducing healing microcurrents from head to toe!
One final advantage of PEMF over more general forms of microcurrent stimulation is that when properly applied, high slew rate PEMF pulses are transformed into induced electrical signals that themselves mimic known electrical signals within living tissues.
therefore PEMF can take advantage of native signal reception and amplification mechanisms within living cells/tissues, thus requiring only very low stimulation energy to achieve the desired cellular response. Lets now look at all the benefits of inducing healing microcurrents in the body with a good high slew rate PEMF device.
Mechanism of Slew Rate - Faraday Induction or Inductive Coupling
Life and Health is driven by the flow and storage of electrons and PEMF acts like a whole body battery recharger to increase CHARGE in the body.
**Conductive Pathways**
Short Range - electricity / energy
1. Ions in solutions Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg
PEMF is able to induce energy flows and currents on all level and scales from the whole organism right down to the mitochondria and ATP.Lorenz Force law describes this F = qV x B. Flow around mitochondria, TMP, TEP
2. Proteins (ie Collagen) in solution EZ water - connective tissue matrix, primovascular system (e- and H+ flows)
3. Cell Motility - Immune cells charged - electrotaxis , galvanotaxis.
E* vs E (shared electrons)
Primary Effect - Atomic/Molecular - e- and H+ Electron and Proton Flows and Storage.
(ex Ca2+ bing Calmod via transferring electrons "ms")
Increase Electron storage and flow via Inductive and Resonant Coupling to increase cellular , tissue and systemic energy, improve fluid and energy flows, reduce inflammation and pain. Inductive Coupling and Increased Electron Flow and MMP, TMP, tissue and cell voltage.
Electron Flows/Induced EMF - Charge TMP/MMP, Tissue and Cell Voltage (One way
Electron Flow/Induced EMF - Electroporesis (cells breath better)
Electron Flow/Induced EMF - Exercise Mimetic
Electron Flows/Induced EMF - Charge ETC
Electron Flows/Induced EMF - Antioxidant / Anti - Inflammatory - e- stops free radicals
Electron Flows - Simulate Injury Current - Electrically Charged Immune Cells
Electron Flows - Ca binding CalMod
Electron Flow /current in range of Injury Current Enhances Wound Healing
Bones/Collagen/Joints PiezoElectric
edema reduction, blood flow changes and cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation, and upregulation of various cell functions as will be discussed subsequently.
PEMF technology based on Slew rate does not require the assumption that magnetic fields themselves interact directly with living tissues by means of some form of magic, or a complex and poorly-understood quantum physical effect.
Through the well- understood physical mechanism of electro-magnetic induction, wherein the external pulse generator uses non-invasive electric coils to create time-varying magnetic pulses that penetrate living tissue essentially without any strong direct interactions because the living tissue is essentially “transparent” to the magnetic fields themselves. These pulses are inductively coupled across space to the structures within living tissues that have conductive paths, for example around the cell membrane in the paracellular space, or around organelles within cells. These conductive paths within the tissue act as the “secondary” coil of what can essentially be viewed as an air-core electrical transformer, the primary coil being the external PEMF coil.
Based on the well-understood Law of Induction, one of the four classical Maxwell Equations, electrical currents are induced in and around the cells within the living tissue within the conductive paths in and around cells. This takes the form of ions in solution being forced to move, driven by the induced fields [1] .
The net effects result in more ATP production, improved blood and lymph circulation, increased nerve and meridian flow, reduced inflammation and stimulation of healing and regeneration.
Life and Health is driven by the flow and storage of electrons and PEMF acts like a whole body battery recharger to increase CHARGE in the body.
**Conductive Pathways**
Short Range - electricity / energy
1. Ions in solutions Na, Cl, K, Ca, Mg
PEMF is able to induce energy flows and currents on all level and scales from the whole organism right down to the mitochondria and ATP.Lorenz Force law describes this F = qV x B. Flow around mitochondria, TMP, TEP
2. Proteins (ie Collagen) in solution EZ water - connective tissue matrix, primovascular system (e- and H+ flows)
3. Cell Motility - Immune cells charged - electrotaxis , galvanotaxis.
E* vs E (shared electrons)
Primary Effect - Atomic/Molecular - e- and H+ Electron and Proton Flows and Storage.
(ex Ca2+ bing Calmod via transferring electrons "ms")
Increase Electron storage and flow via Inductive and Resonant Coupling to increase cellular , tissue and systemic energy, improve fluid and energy flows, reduce inflammation and pain. Inductive Coupling and Increased Electron Flow and MMP, TMP, tissue and cell voltage.
Electron Flows/Induced EMF - Charge TMP/MMP, Tissue and Cell Voltage (One way
Electron Flow/Induced EMF - Electroporesis (cells breath better)
Electron Flow/Induced EMF - Exercise Mimetic
Electron Flows/Induced EMF - Charge ETC
Electron Flows/Induced EMF - Antioxidant / Anti - Inflammatory - e- stops free radicals
Electron Flows - Simulate Injury Current - Electrically Charged Immune Cells
Electron Flows - Ca binding CalMod
Electron Flow /current in range of Injury Current Enhances Wound Healing
Bones/Collagen/Joints PiezoElectric
edema reduction, blood flow changes and cellular proliferation, migration, differentiation, and upregulation of various cell functions as will be discussed subsequently.
PEMF technology based on Slew rate does not require the assumption that magnetic fields themselves interact directly with living tissues by means of some form of magic, or a complex and poorly-understood quantum physical effect.
Through the well- understood physical mechanism of electro-magnetic induction, wherein the external pulse generator uses non-invasive electric coils to create time-varying magnetic pulses that penetrate living tissue essentially without any strong direct interactions because the living tissue is essentially “transparent” to the magnetic fields themselves. These pulses are inductively coupled across space to the structures within living tissues that have conductive paths, for example around the cell membrane in the paracellular space, or around organelles within cells. These conductive paths within the tissue act as the “secondary” coil of what can essentially be viewed as an air-core electrical transformer, the primary coil being the external PEMF coil.
Based on the well-understood Law of Induction, one of the four classical Maxwell Equations, electrical currents are induced in and around the cells within the living tissue within the conductive paths in and around cells. This takes the form of ions in solution being forced to move, driven by the induced fields [1] .
The net effects result in more ATP production, improved blood and lymph circulation, increased nerve and meridian flow, reduced inflammation and stimulation of healing and regeneration.
What is the Best Signal and Slew Rate?
If we look at the history of PEMF research, the first mention of inductive coupling or slew rate was in a paper by Bassett and Pilla in 1974 entitled "Augmentation of Bone repair by Inductively Coupled Electromagnetic fields" [1]. After that the most notable study was the aforementioned landmark NASA study in 2003. But one of the first studies to explore what slew rate is most effective was a study done by Robert Dennis
[1] Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA. Augmentation of bone repair by inductively coupled electromagnetic fields. Science. 1974 May 3;184(4136):575-7.
If we look at the history of PEMF research, the first mention of inductive coupling or slew rate was in a paper by Bassett and Pilla in 1974 entitled "Augmentation of Bone repair by Inductively Coupled Electromagnetic fields" [1]. After that the most notable study was the aforementioned landmark NASA study in 2003. But one of the first studies to explore what slew rate is most effective was a study done by Robert Dennis
[1] Bassett CA, Pawluk RJ, Pilla AA. Augmentation of bone repair by inductively coupled electromagnetic fields. Science. 1974 May 3;184(4136):575-7.
Best Signal - Square Wave
There is good research to show that a square wave (best signal to maximize slew rate) is the most effective PEMF signal
1) NASA found Slew Rate dB/dt was the most important parameter in PEMF and decided on 10 Hz because of rich history and connection to Earth Geomagnetic Frequency.
2) NASA found a high slew rate PEMF upregulated 160 growth factors and regenerative genes and increased neuronal stem cells by 400%. [1]
You can see from the below image right that the square wave had significantly better regenerative effects than the triangle, sine and steady (constant) pemf signals. A delta signal performed second best, which is no surprise considering a delta is a straight up impulse function. When you truly understand slew rate and how a higher slew rate induces more current and energy to the body and cells, it becomes obvious why a square and delta work are the best signals for PEMF therapy!
[1] Goodwin, Thomas. (2003). Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells.
There is good research to show that a square wave (best signal to maximize slew rate) is the most effective PEMF signal
1) NASA found Slew Rate dB/dt was the most important parameter in PEMF and decided on 10 Hz because of rich history and connection to Earth Geomagnetic Frequency.
2) NASA found a high slew rate PEMF upregulated 160 growth factors and regenerative genes and increased neuronal stem cells by 400%. [1]
You can see from the below image right that the square wave had significantly better regenerative effects than the triangle, sine and steady (constant) pemf signals. A delta signal performed second best, which is no surprise considering a delta is a straight up impulse function. When you truly understand slew rate and how a higher slew rate induces more current and energy to the body and cells, it becomes obvious why a square and delta work are the best signals for PEMF therapy!
[1] Goodwin, Thomas. (2003). Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells.
Best Slew Rates to Use [10 T/s to 120 T/s] -
More is not necessarily better
But this raises the question? Is there a limit to Slew Rate efficacy on energy, healing and regeneration on the human (or animal) organism? The answer is YES and this leads us to a Biphasic dose for PEMF or a Goldilocks zone of just the right slew rate!
LOWER Bound 4 T/s
If one considers thermal noise averaging, and cellular response, then the predicted threshold induced field for a measureable response is on the order of 10^-3 – 10^-5 V/m*
[1] Weaver JC, Astumian RD. The response of living cells to very weak electric fields: the thermal noise limit. Science. 1990 Jan 26;247(4941):459-62
Assuming the low-end of the stimulation threshold to be approximately 10-5 V/m, the smallest signal that one might expect to use and still observe a physiological response is approximately 4 T/s.
Upper Bound 20-200 T/s
Note that for short ramp durations, mean nerve stimulation thresholds expressed in dB/dt can become large. However, the safety margin between nerve stimulation and cardiac stimulation increases as ramp duration is reduced.
[2] IEC. Particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. In: Diagnostic imaging equipment, publication IEC 60601-2-33, medical electrical equipment, Part 2. International Electrotechnology Commission, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, 1995.
16 Slew Rate Studies (Research references at the end of buyers guide)
1) 30-100 T/s (65 T/s average)
2) 30 T/s
3) 30 T/s
4) 30 T/s
5) 18 T/s
6) 10 T/s
7) 40-160 T/s (100 T/s average)
8) 9.5 T/s
9) 15 T/s
10) 17 T/s
11) 17 T/s
12) 17 T/s
13) 5.3 T/s
14) 17 T/s
15) 5.3 T/s
16) 90 T/s
More is not necessarily better
But this raises the question? Is there a limit to Slew Rate efficacy on energy, healing and regeneration on the human (or animal) organism? The answer is YES and this leads us to a Biphasic dose for PEMF or a Goldilocks zone of just the right slew rate!
LOWER Bound 4 T/s
If one considers thermal noise averaging, and cellular response, then the predicted threshold induced field for a measureable response is on the order of 10^-3 – 10^-5 V/m*
[1] Weaver JC, Astumian RD. The response of living cells to very weak electric fields: the thermal noise limit. Science. 1990 Jan 26;247(4941):459-62
Assuming the low-end of the stimulation threshold to be approximately 10-5 V/m, the smallest signal that one might expect to use and still observe a physiological response is approximately 4 T/s.
Upper Bound 20-200 T/s
Note that for short ramp durations, mean nerve stimulation thresholds expressed in dB/dt can become large. However, the safety margin between nerve stimulation and cardiac stimulation increases as ramp duration is reduced.
[2] IEC. Particular requirements for the safety of magnetic resonance equipment for medical diagnosis. In: Diagnostic imaging equipment, publication IEC 60601-2-33, medical electrical equipment, Part 2. International Electrotechnology Commission, International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), 3, rue de Varembé, P.O. Box 131, CH-1211 Geneva 20, Switzerland, 1995.
16 Slew Rate Studies (Research references at the end of buyers guide)
1) 30-100 T/s (65 T/s average)
2) 30 T/s
3) 30 T/s
4) 30 T/s
5) 18 T/s
6) 10 T/s
7) 40-160 T/s (100 T/s average)
8) 9.5 T/s
9) 15 T/s
10) 17 T/s
11) 17 T/s
12) 17 T/s
13) 5.3 T/s
14) 17 T/s
15) 5.3 T/s
16) 90 T/s
Point #2 - Large Coils for Deep Penetration and Uniform Distribution so your whole body is treated.
Penetration depth is a measure of how deep light or any electromagnetic radiation can penetrate into a material. It is defined as the depth at which the intensity of the radiation inside the material falls to 1/e (about 37%) of its original value at (or more properly, just beneath) the surface.
Penetration Depth = .97 Radius of Coil which is almost exact = Radius.
That is the penetration depth of a PEMF is directly related to the radius of the PEMF coil. For example, OMI pad uses 1cm radius coils which means the penetration depth is ONLY a centimeter (not good). iMRS 2000 uses 11 cm radius coils which means the penetration depth is about 11cm (11x OMI).
Penetration Depth = .97 Radius of Coil which is almost exact = Radius.
That is the penetration depth of a PEMF is directly related to the radius of the PEMF coil. For example, OMI pad uses 1cm radius coils which means the penetration depth is ONLY a centimeter (not good). iMRS 2000 uses 11 cm radius coils which means the penetration depth is about 11cm (11x OMI).
Coils and Coherence - Full Body Mat, Local Applicators, tightly wound and circular coils.
PEMF Coils the Speakers or Antenna of PEMF System
Would you buy cheap speakers with a great sound system? No!!
1) Coils
Full Body and even distribution
Larger/Circular/Tightly Wound/Qi Coils (Intensity x Area = Flux)
Helmholtz
More Coherent Field if Signal is done right
Example Bad Coils:
a. Rod Ferrite - Traps field inside coil (hot spot)
b. Too Small - OMI
c. Too Loose - QRS field stays closer to mat
d. Wacky windings - Qi/Mantra coils
e. Anti-helmholtz - fields push away from each other (Bemer/QRS)
More incoherent field regardless of signal
PEMF Coils the Speakers or Antenna of PEMF System
Would you buy cheap speakers with a great sound system? No!!
1) Coils
Full Body and even distribution
Larger/Circular/Tightly Wound/Qi Coils (Intensity x Area = Flux)
Helmholtz
More Coherent Field if Signal is done right
Example Bad Coils:
a. Rod Ferrite - Traps field inside coil (hot spot)
b. Too Small - OMI
c. Too Loose - QRS field stays closer to mat
d. Wacky windings - Qi/Mantra coils
e. Anti-helmholtz - fields push away from each other (Bemer/QRS)
More incoherent field regardless of signal

Point #3 - Intensity, The Big Lie when it comes to PEMF
Intensity, Flux and Penetration... Sensitive Level
SI Unit of Magnetic Field Strength is Tesla
Defined by force per unit length exerted on a current carrying wire.
1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss = Strength of a powerful neodymium magnet. Tremendous force to pull apart.
Gauss easy to use because 1 gauss is about the magnetic field earth
Important to note that the body is transparent to magnetic fields so you don't need more power to "penetrate". Only drop-offs are with distance. Whether a person is on the mat or not same readings.
1) Penetration Myth - Penetration depth is .97 depends on size and geometry of coils
2) Inverse Square Myth - Correct equation is biot savart and confirm with quantum hall probe
Measure with Hall Probe sensors which are integrated circuits that transduce magnetic fields to electrical signals with accuracy, consistency, and reliability.
3) Myth Research - Based on a Meta-analysis of over 3200 PEMF studies only 3-4% were over 1000 Gauss (100 mT)
Most studies are 1-10 mT
Interesting Meta analysis from 3249 experiments and 92 publications. The most effective intensity range was found to be between 1-10 mT. Not many high intensity studies and not as effective!
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342182/
4) Safety confirms IEC, ICNIRP
5) Efficacy Concerns
5) High Intensity is expensive
6) Key is not intensity but slew rate anyway!
Zhang (2019) ATP study using low uT intensities
Cheng (1982) ATP - Higher currents lowered Protein synthesis
Freidenberg (1970) 2-20 uA/cm2 ideal for healing - over 50 causes necrosis
Robert Becker nano currents , Frederick brown
Diniz (2002) <7mT bone stimulation
Rubin (1989) induced field must be small or will not work
Pilla - Low intensity Ca/Calmodulin Nitric Oxide synthase pathway.
Intensity, Flux and Penetration... Sensitive Level
SI Unit of Magnetic Field Strength is Tesla
Defined by force per unit length exerted on a current carrying wire.
1 Tesla = 10,000 Gauss = Strength of a powerful neodymium magnet. Tremendous force to pull apart.
Gauss easy to use because 1 gauss is about the magnetic field earth
Important to note that the body is transparent to magnetic fields so you don't need more power to "penetrate". Only drop-offs are with distance. Whether a person is on the mat or not same readings.
1) Penetration Myth - Penetration depth is .97 depends on size and geometry of coils
2) Inverse Square Myth - Correct equation is biot savart and confirm with quantum hall probe
Measure with Hall Probe sensors which are integrated circuits that transduce magnetic fields to electrical signals with accuracy, consistency, and reliability.
3) Myth Research - Based on a Meta-analysis of over 3200 PEMF studies only 3-4% were over 1000 Gauss (100 mT)
Most studies are 1-10 mT
Interesting Meta analysis from 3249 experiments and 92 publications. The most effective intensity range was found to be between 1-10 mT. Not many high intensity studies and not as effective!
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8342182/
4) Safety confirms IEC, ICNIRP
5) Efficacy Concerns
5) High Intensity is expensive
6) Key is not intensity but slew rate anyway!
Zhang (2019) ATP study using low uT intensities
Cheng (1982) ATP - Higher currents lowered Protein synthesis
Freidenberg (1970) 2-20 uA/cm2 ideal for healing - over 50 causes necrosis
Robert Becker nano currents , Frederick brown
Diniz (2002) <7mT bone stimulation
Rubin (1989) induced field must be small or will not work
Pilla - Low intensity Ca/Calmodulin Nitric Oxide synthase pathway.

Basic Science of PEMF Part 2: Frequency
The Frequency f, is the number of cycles per unit time a wave repeats at a given point. The frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz) named after the physicist Heinrich Hertz and equals the number of times the signal repeats itself in one second (the cycles per second). We can talk about the frequency of sound, the frequency of electromagnetic waves, and even the frequency electric currents, electric fields, magnetic fields and gravitational waves! The frequency is how resonance occurs which is how energy and information can be transferred with even small amplitudes. Also frequency is related to the amount of energy present . What this means is the energy of a wave is directly proportional to the frequency such that higher frequencies contain more energy than lower frequencies (for a given amplitude)
For example Our ears perceive high frequency as high pitch, or as a high note. The higher the note, the more energy it has. Our ears perceive low frequency as a low pitch, or as a low note. The lower the note, the less energy it has.
Another example we are all familiar with is that our eyes perceive frequencies through electromagnetic waves that are in the visible spectrum. The lowest frequency wave our eyes see appear to us as the color red, while the highest frequencies appear to us as violet. Infrared (below red) and ultraviolet (above violet) lie just outside our perception. We say visible spectrum because this is the biologically active window of frequencies our eyes can respond to (which have wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm). That is, we cannot see frequencies below red or above violet which by the way is a very narrow range of frequencies compared to the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
But there are also Natural Magnetic Frequencies of the Earth in the Schumann Resonances and Geomagnetic Frequencies. Our body and minds are deeply connected to these natural frequencies and they provide a foundation for understanding WHAT frequencies our body's best respond to therapeutically.
So now that we have a basic understanding of what frequency is, we can look at magnetic field frequencies and how they relate to Spectral Content (spectrum of frequencies present in a signal), and repetition rate frequencies (frequency of the pulses like square, sawtooth etc.) magnetic resonance stimulation:
The Frequency f, is the number of cycles per unit time a wave repeats at a given point. The frequency is measured in Hertz (Hz) named after the physicist Heinrich Hertz and equals the number of times the signal repeats itself in one second (the cycles per second). We can talk about the frequency of sound, the frequency of electromagnetic waves, and even the frequency electric currents, electric fields, magnetic fields and gravitational waves! The frequency is how resonance occurs which is how energy and information can be transferred with even small amplitudes. Also frequency is related to the amount of energy present . What this means is the energy of a wave is directly proportional to the frequency such that higher frequencies contain more energy than lower frequencies (for a given amplitude)
For example Our ears perceive high frequency as high pitch, or as a high note. The higher the note, the more energy it has. Our ears perceive low frequency as a low pitch, or as a low note. The lower the note, the less energy it has.
Another example we are all familiar with is that our eyes perceive frequencies through electromagnetic waves that are in the visible spectrum. The lowest frequency wave our eyes see appear to us as the color red, while the highest frequencies appear to us as violet. Infrared (below red) and ultraviolet (above violet) lie just outside our perception. We say visible spectrum because this is the biologically active window of frequencies our eyes can respond to (which have wavelengths between 400 and 700 nm). That is, we cannot see frequencies below red or above violet which by the way is a very narrow range of frequencies compared to the entire electromagnetic spectrum.
But there are also Natural Magnetic Frequencies of the Earth in the Schumann Resonances and Geomagnetic Frequencies. Our body and minds are deeply connected to these natural frequencies and they provide a foundation for understanding WHAT frequencies our body's best respond to therapeutically.
So now that we have a basic understanding of what frequency is, we can look at magnetic field frequencies and how they relate to Spectral Content (spectrum of frequencies present in a signal), and repetition rate frequencies (frequency of the pulses like square, sawtooth etc.) magnetic resonance stimulation:
Frequencies in Nature
Geomagnetic 0-10 Hz
Schumann 5-50 Hz
Sferics, Whistlers and Tweeks (0-100,000 Hz)
The source of most natural radio signals is lightning. When a lightning bolt strikes, a massive amount of charge is moved and this acts in much the same way as moving charge in a radio transmitting antenna. The frequencies emitted by lightning range from 0 Hz to over 100 kHz with all frequencies being emitted simultaneously with the visible flash of lightning.
https://theinspireproject.org/default.asp?contentID=17
https://theinspireproject.org/default.asp?contentID=4
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969717311890
Geomagnetic 0-10 Hz
Schumann 5-50 Hz
Sferics, Whistlers and Tweeks (0-100,000 Hz)
The source of most natural radio signals is lightning. When a lightning bolt strikes, a massive amount of charge is moved and this acts in much the same way as moving charge in a radio transmitting antenna. The frequencies emitted by lightning range from 0 Hz to over 100 kHz with all frequencies being emitted simultaneously with the visible flash of lightning.
https://theinspireproject.org/default.asp?contentID=17
https://theinspireproject.org/default.asp?contentID=4
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0048969717311890
Point #4 - A broad spectrum of natural and biologically active frequencies for beneficial resonant effects
Frequency/Wavelength - CHART of 0-50HZ
How can we deliver a broad-band of resonant frequencies to energize and power ALL the cells, tissues, organs and organism, because they all have different resonant frequencies in the 0-50 Hz range? The answer is to use a signal that blankets and covers this entire range of frequencies. This range of frequencies is called the spectral content of a complex signal, which as the name implies is the content of frequencies found in the signal, usually expressed as a range but more precisely mathematically from Fouriers theorem or experimentally with a readout from a good spectrum analyzer. In the case of a We’ll focus more on the spectrum analyzer than Fourier’s theorem because it will show us in real time and in reality, which frequencies exactly register from any given PEMF device. The will show us the signal in the frequency domain.
Good PEMF systems create BUNDLES of frequencies to blanket this entire spectrum of cell and tissue resonant frequencies. What that means is that good PEMF devices with a wide spectrum of frequencies are like an energetic multivitamin, charging, healing and regenerating ALL the body's tissues and cells AT ONCE. Cheaper PEMF Systems and PEMF systems with only sine waves have with incomplete frequency spectrums and inadequate biological effects. The analogy is like taking "just" vitamin A and vitamin D and nothing else vs taking a full spectrum multivitamin with A, B1,B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, E, D, and full spectrum of minerals, etc.
Frequency is the temporal/time measure of a wave measured in Hertz (Hz) and it is literally referring to how frequently (per second), a signal is repeated.
PEMF systems used for health are of extremely low frequency (ELF) and a vast majority are less then 1000 Hz (1 kHz). Every cell has its own frequency as do most tissues... Turns out the MAIN frequencies of tissues and cells reside with the 0-50 Hz range which are the primary frequencies of the earth. Wavelength is the spatial measure of a wave and is the length of the wave itself. The wavelength is the distance over which the shape of the wave is repeated. The higher the frequency the smaller the wavelength.
Frequency/Wavelength - CHART of 0-50HZ
How can we deliver a broad-band of resonant frequencies to energize and power ALL the cells, tissues, organs and organism, because they all have different resonant frequencies in the 0-50 Hz range? The answer is to use a signal that blankets and covers this entire range of frequencies. This range of frequencies is called the spectral content of a complex signal, which as the name implies is the content of frequencies found in the signal, usually expressed as a range but more precisely mathematically from Fouriers theorem or experimentally with a readout from a good spectrum analyzer. In the case of a We’ll focus more on the spectrum analyzer than Fourier’s theorem because it will show us in real time and in reality, which frequencies exactly register from any given PEMF device. The will show us the signal in the frequency domain.
Good PEMF systems create BUNDLES of frequencies to blanket this entire spectrum of cell and tissue resonant frequencies. What that means is that good PEMF devices with a wide spectrum of frequencies are like an energetic multivitamin, charging, healing and regenerating ALL the body's tissues and cells AT ONCE. Cheaper PEMF Systems and PEMF systems with only sine waves have with incomplete frequency spectrums and inadequate biological effects. The analogy is like taking "just" vitamin A and vitamin D and nothing else vs taking a full spectrum multivitamin with A, B1,B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, E, D, and full spectrum of minerals, etc.
Frequency is the temporal/time measure of a wave measured in Hertz (Hz) and it is literally referring to how frequently (per second), a signal is repeated.
PEMF systems used for health are of extremely low frequency (ELF) and a vast majority are less then 1000 Hz (1 kHz). Every cell has its own frequency as do most tissues... Turns out the MAIN frequencies of tissues and cells reside with the 0-50 Hz range which are the primary frequencies of the earth. Wavelength is the spatial measure of a wave and is the length of the wave itself. The wavelength is the distance over which the shape of the wave is repeated. The higher the frequency the smaller the wavelength.
Interesting, the sharp edges in music and enhancement of images, give rise to a clear sound or image. Sharp transitions in a signal (from Fourier theory) appear as high frequency components. In PEMF we need the sharp edges to create a clear square wave or sawtooth, which means higher frequencies. Round edges would be a fuzzy picture, distorted sound and a ill formed PEMF signal.
What is more important Slew Rate or Spectral Content?
After watching the video, it seems pretty clear that they are focused specifically on the results of the fourier transform. There are many ways to get the results to have a similar "spectral content", but the results can easily be manipulated depending on how you set up the parameters of the spectrum analyser.
I would want to see biological evidence in vitro that there enhanced "spectral content" is any better than a high slew rate square wave. If Bob Dennis is correct, there is likely not much difference in how the cells react
imagine that these different balls with different frequencies (the lengths being different and the weights assumed to be the same) represented different molecules resonant frequencies. If you hit them all at once each one will swing at its own resonant frequency. This would correspond to the square wave.
Then imagine that you could push each one at exactly the right time to keep them swinging. This would correspond to a high spectral distribution
Each should have an effect, but it would take some testing to see which is better. I personally like the square wave best still because it just lets everything resonate at it's own frequency naturally instead of forcing it
We should build one of these to show the difference between resonance systems and a single impulse system
After watching the video, it seems pretty clear that they are focused specifically on the results of the fourier transform. There are many ways to get the results to have a similar "spectral content", but the results can easily be manipulated depending on how you set up the parameters of the spectrum analyser.
I would want to see biological evidence in vitro that there enhanced "spectral content" is any better than a high slew rate square wave. If Bob Dennis is correct, there is likely not much difference in how the cells react
imagine that these different balls with different frequencies (the lengths being different and the weights assumed to be the same) represented different molecules resonant frequencies. If you hit them all at once each one will swing at its own resonant frequency. This would correspond to the square wave.
Then imagine that you could push each one at exactly the right time to keep them swinging. This would correspond to a high spectral distribution
Each should have an effect, but it would take some testing to see which is better. I personally like the square wave best still because it just lets everything resonate at it's own frequency naturally instead of forcing it
We should build one of these to show the difference between resonance systems and a single impulse system

Point #5 Programs with Repetition Rates based on brain entrainment and earth frequencies.
Pulse Per Second has Brain Entrainment Effects
Now what is confusing about frequency in PEMF is that for complex signals frequency is usually listed at what is called the Repetition rate. Repetition Rate is basically the frequency for non-sinusoidal signals (like PEMF signals) that repeat themselves. So like frequency it is cycles per second, but with say a square wave, it would be the number of square pulses per second. This is why it is sometimes called pulses per second (or PPS for short). In the image shown here, if it was a 1 second window, the repetition rate for each of these pulses would be 3 Hertz. This is because there are three pulses per second for each of these waveforms. Can you see that?
While the Slew rate (especially) and the spectral content are more important healing parameters of a PEMF signal, the pulse repetition rate or pulses per second is also extremely important and sadly many, if not most, PEMF companies get this WRONG! It is important because research suggest that the overall repetition rate seems to interact with the central nervous system for brain and body entrainment.
Pulse Per Second has Brain Entrainment Effects
Now what is confusing about frequency in PEMF is that for complex signals frequency is usually listed at what is called the Repetition rate. Repetition Rate is basically the frequency for non-sinusoidal signals (like PEMF signals) that repeat themselves. So like frequency it is cycles per second, but with say a square wave, it would be the number of square pulses per second. This is why it is sometimes called pulses per second (or PPS for short). In the image shown here, if it was a 1 second window, the repetition rate for each of these pulses would be 3 Hertz. This is because there are three pulses per second for each of these waveforms. Can you see that?
While the Slew rate (especially) and the spectral content are more important healing parameters of a PEMF signal, the pulse repetition rate or pulses per second is also extremely important and sadly many, if not most, PEMF companies get this WRONG! It is important because research suggest that the overall repetition rate seems to interact with the central nervous system for brain and body entrainment.

PEMF and Brain Entrainment
It is well known that the brain is an electrochemical organ; researchers have speculated that a fully functioning brain can generate as much as 10 watts of electrical power. Even though this electrical power is very limited, it does occur in very specific ways that are characteristic of the human brain. Electrical activity emanating from the brain is displayed in the form of brainwaves. There are five categories of these brainwaves, ranging from the most activity to the least activity.
Brain waves, or neural oscillations, are repetitive patterns of electrical activity in brains that can be measured with an EEG (electroencephalogram). The different categories of brain wave are shown in order of descending frequency (measure in Hz): gamma, beta, alpha, theta and delta. Broadly speaking the frequency of brain waves increases with brain activity.
Pulsing a PEMF device at a regular (coherent) rate can have a dramatic effect if the repetition rate finds a natural resonance in the system upon which it impinges. Good PEMF systems use Repetition rate frequencies that help to synchronize the body and brain with the circadian rhythms of the body, for example Beta (alert) frequencies in the day and theta/delta (sleep) frequencies at night. It does this through brainwave entrainment. Brainwave entrainment refers to the observation that brainwaves (large-scale electrical oscillations in the brain) will naturally synchronize to the rhythm of periodic external stimuli like PEMF repetition rate frequencies (other examples including flickering lights,[1] speech,[2] music,[3] and tactile stimuli.
Entrainment is a concept first identified by the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens in 1665 who discovered the phenomenon during an experiment with pendulum clocks: He set them each in motion and found that when he returned the next day, the sway of their pendulums had all synchronized.[18] Such entrainment occurs because small amounts of energy are transferred between the two systems when they are out of phase in such a way as to produce negative feedback. As they assume a more stable phase relationship, the amount of energy gradually reduces to zero, with systems of greater frequency slowing down, and the other speeding up.[19] The concept of entrainment was developed in complex systems theory. The theory explains the way that two or more independent, autonomous oscillators with differing rhythms or frequencies, when situated in proximity where they can interact for long enough, influence each other mutually, to a degree dependent on coupling force. They then adjust until both oscillate with the same frequency.
Good PEMF Repetition rates to use (which you can slowly increase and decrease in a PEMF program**):
15-23 Hz Beta or active alert stimulation (14.3 and 20.8 Schumann /Beta)
7.8-13 Hz for Alpha (especially good are 7.8 for Schumann Resonance and 10 Hz because so much research)
1-3 Hz for Sleep
Besides brain entrainment, the repetition rates are almost important in dosing, because more pulses per second means more energy delivered per second, so theoretically you can do a shorter session time with higher repetition rates BUT, it is MORE important to focus on the brain entrainment effects.
**But generally, the range for a "typical" neuron is probably from <1 Hz (1 spike per second) to ~200 Hz (200 spikes per second). To ruthlessly ...
Studies Confirming Repetition Rate in Complex Pulses are Most Biologically Active
It is well known that the brain is an electrochemical organ; researchers have speculated that a fully functioning brain can generate as much as 10 watts of electrical power. Even though this electrical power is very limited, it does occur in very specific ways that are characteristic of the human brain. Electrical activity emanating from the brain is displayed in the form of brainwaves. There are five categories of these brainwaves, ranging from the most activity to the least activity.
Brain waves, or neural oscillations, are repetitive patterns of electrical activity in brains that can be measured with an EEG (electroencephalogram). The different categories of brain wave are shown in order of descending frequency (measure in Hz): gamma, beta, alpha, theta and delta. Broadly speaking the frequency of brain waves increases with brain activity.
Pulsing a PEMF device at a regular (coherent) rate can have a dramatic effect if the repetition rate finds a natural resonance in the system upon which it impinges. Good PEMF systems use Repetition rate frequencies that help to synchronize the body and brain with the circadian rhythms of the body, for example Beta (alert) frequencies in the day and theta/delta (sleep) frequencies at night. It does this through brainwave entrainment. Brainwave entrainment refers to the observation that brainwaves (large-scale electrical oscillations in the brain) will naturally synchronize to the rhythm of periodic external stimuli like PEMF repetition rate frequencies (other examples including flickering lights,[1] speech,[2] music,[3] and tactile stimuli.
Entrainment is a concept first identified by the Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens in 1665 who discovered the phenomenon during an experiment with pendulum clocks: He set them each in motion and found that when he returned the next day, the sway of their pendulums had all synchronized.[18] Such entrainment occurs because small amounts of energy are transferred between the two systems when they are out of phase in such a way as to produce negative feedback. As they assume a more stable phase relationship, the amount of energy gradually reduces to zero, with systems of greater frequency slowing down, and the other speeding up.[19] The concept of entrainment was developed in complex systems theory. The theory explains the way that two or more independent, autonomous oscillators with differing rhythms or frequencies, when situated in proximity where they can interact for long enough, influence each other mutually, to a degree dependent on coupling force. They then adjust until both oscillate with the same frequency.
Good PEMF Repetition rates to use (which you can slowly increase and decrease in a PEMF program**):
15-23 Hz Beta or active alert stimulation (14.3 and 20.8 Schumann /Beta)
7.8-13 Hz for Alpha (especially good are 7.8 for Schumann Resonance and 10 Hz because so much research)
1-3 Hz for Sleep
Besides brain entrainment, the repetition rates are almost important in dosing, because more pulses per second means more energy delivered per second, so theoretically you can do a shorter session time with higher repetition rates BUT, it is MORE important to focus on the brain entrainment effects.
**But generally, the range for a "typical" neuron is probably from <1 Hz (1 spike per second) to ~200 Hz (200 spikes per second). To ruthlessly ...
Studies Confirming Repetition Rate in Complex Pulses are Most Biologically Active
Point #6 - Buyer Beware - Avoid Unhealthy and Un-natural Frequencies found in many PEMF devices

EMF (unnatural/electro-smog) vs PEMF (natural/electrotherapy)
a. High Intensity Slew Rate EMF
b. High Frequency EMF > AM/FM radio manmade frequencies
AM radio is as low as 540kHz to 1.7 MHz.
c. Incoherent Lower Frequency (Dirty Noise)
You can scramble all the individual notes in a Beethoven symphony and get cacophony.
d. Switch errors, impedance mismatch, coil coupling issues (all lead to inharmonious frequencies).
a. High Intensity Slew Rate EMF
b. High Frequency EMF > AM/FM radio manmade frequencies
AM radio is as low as 540kHz to 1.7 MHz.
c. Incoherent Lower Frequency (Dirty Noise)
You can scramble all the individual notes in a Beethoven symphony and get cacophony.
d. Switch errors, impedance mismatch, coil coupling issues (all lead to inharmonious frequencies).
Point #7 - Other PEMF Signal considerations (besides Slew Rate, Repetition Rate and Spectral Content)
1) Types of Squarewaves = Bursts vs Pulses
2) Bipolar vs Unipolar (or switching of polarity)
Bipolar Square waves were continuous, at 10 Hz, and bipolar (swinging negative to positive and back),
Bipolar pulses of rapid balanced polarity reversal allows stimulation without net charge flux in the tissue, which is very beneficial for preventing galvanic degradation of implanted metals or electrodes [13], and may also prevent charge-related collateral tissue damage from inductively-coupled tissue stimulation systems, such as PEMF.
3) Pulse Pulse Modulation and Variation of Repetition Rates
4) Pulse Duration and Baking a Turkey
Too short - impulse undercooked
Too long - usually in high intensity, low ramp time - overcooking the turkey.
1) Types of Squarewaves = Bursts vs Pulses
2) Bipolar vs Unipolar (or switching of polarity)
Bipolar Square waves were continuous, at 10 Hz, and bipolar (swinging negative to positive and back),
Bipolar pulses of rapid balanced polarity reversal allows stimulation without net charge flux in the tissue, which is very beneficial for preventing galvanic degradation of implanted metals or electrodes [13], and may also prevent charge-related collateral tissue damage from inductively-coupled tissue stimulation systems, such as PEMF.
3) Pulse Pulse Modulation and Variation of Repetition Rates
4) Pulse Duration and Baking a Turkey
Too short - impulse undercooked
Too long - usually in high intensity, low ramp time - overcooking the turkey.
Point #8 PEMF Accessories
Necessary Components and Accessories
Control Unit
Clean Power Supply
Battery Pack
Full Body Mat
Local Applicators
Split Mode
Helmholtz / Sandwich coils on local applicators
Far infrared (when done right)
Necessary Components and Accessories
Control Unit
Clean Power Supply
Battery Pack
Full Body Mat
Local Applicators
Split Mode
Helmholtz / Sandwich coils on local applicators
Far infrared (when done right)

Point #7 Avoid Cheap and Counterfeit PEMF Mats - Chinese Gemstone Mats
10 reasons you absolutely do not want to buy Healthyline or Healthywave:
1. The Coils - All these cheap Chinese gemstone mats use rod ferrite coils which give a poor magnetic field distribution and poor penetration depth (Good for AM Radios, not so good for PEMF)!
2. 60 Hz , 60 Hz everywhere 60 Hz - All these cheap gemstone mats - without exception- simply pulse the 60 Hz wall current (which is electrosmog) at different repetition rates on EVERY SETTING!! 60 Hz, 60 Hz everywhere. There are many negative health consequences to pulsing 60 hz, one of which is the it suppresses melatonin production which is not only the "sleep" hormone, but also the master antioxidant at the cellular level and a power cancer protective (oncostatic). [1-3]
3. The far infrared on all these cheap Chinese mats uses cheap silicon wire which you can get on Alibaba for 10 cents a meter! This is the same cheap heating elements found on amazon heating pads!
4. The Negative Ion Scam - There are zero Negative Ions Measured. This was tested by Alpha Labs $600 negative ion counter and confirmed by Alpha labs President and chief scientist and owner - Dr Bill Lee. Dr Bill Lee said he did a test and found that you need to heat crystals to 1100 degrees Fahrenheit to get any measurable negative ions (and very small amounts along with positive ions)!
5. The Red Light Therapy Scam - Some of these cheap mats taut gimmicks like red light therapy, but upon measuring several different brands with red light we found they ALL were less than 3-4 mW/cm^2, in some cases even less on par with Christmas tree lights!
6. The Great Frequency Mixup Scam - We have tested several of these cheap mats that don't use the repetition rate frequencies that are advertised.
7. The Embarrasing Truth of Healthyline/Healthywave’s Advanced Controller - Why the cheaper models are measurably better than the Platinum/Multiwave advanced controller! Save your money!
8. Cheap Crystals and
9. Layers and Layers of Gimmicks!!
10. Poor EMF shielding and measurable electric field dirty electricity
[1] Henshaw DL, Reiter RJ. Do magnetic fields cause increased risk of childhood leukemia via melatonin disruption? Bioelectromagnetics. 2005;(Suppl 7):S86–97.
[2] Stevens RG. The melatonin hypothesis: electric power and breast cancer. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104:135–40
Melatonin Receptor Disrupted by EMF
[3] Girgert R, Hanf V, Emons G, Gründker C. Signal transduction of the melatonin receptor MT1 is disrupted in breast cancer cells by electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 2010;31:237–45
10 reasons you absolutely do not want to buy Healthyline or Healthywave:
1. The Coils - All these cheap Chinese gemstone mats use rod ferrite coils which give a poor magnetic field distribution and poor penetration depth (Good for AM Radios, not so good for PEMF)!
2. 60 Hz , 60 Hz everywhere 60 Hz - All these cheap gemstone mats - without exception- simply pulse the 60 Hz wall current (which is electrosmog) at different repetition rates on EVERY SETTING!! 60 Hz, 60 Hz everywhere. There are many negative health consequences to pulsing 60 hz, one of which is the it suppresses melatonin production which is not only the "sleep" hormone, but also the master antioxidant at the cellular level and a power cancer protective (oncostatic). [1-3]
3. The far infrared on all these cheap Chinese mats uses cheap silicon wire which you can get on Alibaba for 10 cents a meter! This is the same cheap heating elements found on amazon heating pads!
4. The Negative Ion Scam - There are zero Negative Ions Measured. This was tested by Alpha Labs $600 negative ion counter and confirmed by Alpha labs President and chief scientist and owner - Dr Bill Lee. Dr Bill Lee said he did a test and found that you need to heat crystals to 1100 degrees Fahrenheit to get any measurable negative ions (and very small amounts along with positive ions)!
5. The Red Light Therapy Scam - Some of these cheap mats taut gimmicks like red light therapy, but upon measuring several different brands with red light we found they ALL were less than 3-4 mW/cm^2, in some cases even less on par with Christmas tree lights!
6. The Great Frequency Mixup Scam - We have tested several of these cheap mats that don't use the repetition rate frequencies that are advertised.
7. The Embarrasing Truth of Healthyline/Healthywave’s Advanced Controller - Why the cheaper models are measurably better than the Platinum/Multiwave advanced controller! Save your money!
8. Cheap Crystals and
9. Layers and Layers of Gimmicks!!
10. Poor EMF shielding and measurable electric field dirty electricity
[1] Henshaw DL, Reiter RJ. Do magnetic fields cause increased risk of childhood leukemia via melatonin disruption? Bioelectromagnetics. 2005;(Suppl 7):S86–97.
[2] Stevens RG. The melatonin hypothesis: electric power and breast cancer. Environ Health Perspect. 1996;104:135–40
Melatonin Receptor Disrupted by EMF
[3] Girgert R, Hanf V, Emons G, Gründker C. Signal transduction of the melatonin receptor MT1 is disrupted in breast cancer cells by electromagnetic fields. Bioelectromagnetics. 2010;31:237–45

Gimmicks (Multi-therapy mat scam)
Crystals
Negative Ions
Red Light Therapy
Crystals
Negative Ions
Red Light Therapy

Point #9 PEMF DEVICE and applicators assembled with strict quality standards
A Clean, High Fidelity Signal from quality engineering
From the science perspective:
PEMF systems are composed of resonant systems that can create unintentional magnetic field changes due to multiple issues that are not commonly a problem for other electronic systems. These include, but are not limited to, the following:
Parasitic turn on/off in the switching components, source vs sink impedance mismatch and oscillation between coils wired in series. Careful matching between the driving electronics and the driven coils is required. The factors involved include the resistance, capacitance and inductance of every component in the system. Another aspect of proper PEMF engineering is the reduction of radiated energy from the system at frequencies other than the intended frequencies. These frequencies include line power frequencies that capacitively couple through the power supply and into the system. They also include higher frequencies produced by digital switching components such as DC to DC converters and microcontrollers. Both electric and magnetic components should be avoided in both single ended and common modes.
Stratavasious expensive... Why so much better? Cannot reproduce them.
Simply listen and hear the difference.
Cheaper still makes music.
How to make it work really really well.
Ultimately a better PEMF device is like Steinway Piano or a Stratavasious Violin.
The quality of the sound signal is obvious to anyone who can listen compared to cheaper pianos and violins.
Simply listen and hear the difference.
They are more expensive for a REASON!
Same goes with PEMF.
expensive... Why so much better? Cannot reproduce them.
Cheaper PEMFs like cheaper instruments still makes music. But the quality and benefits will not be the same.
A Clean, High Fidelity Signal from quality engineering
From the science perspective:
PEMF systems are composed of resonant systems that can create unintentional magnetic field changes due to multiple issues that are not commonly a problem for other electronic systems. These include, but are not limited to, the following:
Parasitic turn on/off in the switching components, source vs sink impedance mismatch and oscillation between coils wired in series. Careful matching between the driving electronics and the driven coils is required. The factors involved include the resistance, capacitance and inductance of every component in the system. Another aspect of proper PEMF engineering is the reduction of radiated energy from the system at frequencies other than the intended frequencies. These frequencies include line power frequencies that capacitively couple through the power supply and into the system. They also include higher frequencies produced by digital switching components such as DC to DC converters and microcontrollers. Both electric and magnetic components should be avoided in both single ended and common modes.
Stratavasious expensive... Why so much better? Cannot reproduce them.
Simply listen and hear the difference.
Cheaper still makes music.
How to make it work really really well.
Ultimately a better PEMF device is like Steinway Piano or a Stratavasious Violin.
The quality of the sound signal is obvious to anyone who can listen compared to cheaper pianos and violins.
Simply listen and hear the difference.
They are more expensive for a REASON!
Same goes with PEMF.
expensive... Why so much better? Cannot reproduce them.
Cheaper PEMFs like cheaper instruments still makes music. But the quality and benefits will not be the same.

Point #10 Is the device comfortable and easy to use
During the development process, reliable and well-known manufacturers of modern PEMF systems for home use invest a lot of time, thoughts and knowledge into usability and user-friendly operation. Although several, crucial parameters have to be pre-adjusted prior to an application, the most modern devices are meanwhile equipped with so-called “Fast Start Programs”. Desired effects such as sleep improvement, regeneration, activa- tion, relaxation, balance, performance etc. can be selected by pressing one single button and the system delivers all preprogrammed parameters for all applicators accordingly. In addition, these devices include a database of PEMF applications collected from clinical trials and comprehensive user feedback. It provides a customized protocol for specific ef- fects. This not only enhances efficiency but also ensures a high level of application safety.
During the development process, reliable and well-known manufacturers of modern PEMF systems for home use invest a lot of time, thoughts and knowledge into usability and user-friendly operation. Although several, crucial parameters have to be pre-adjusted prior to an application, the most modern devices are meanwhile equipped with so-called “Fast Start Programs”. Desired effects such as sleep improvement, regeneration, activa- tion, relaxation, balance, performance etc. can be selected by pressing one single button and the system delivers all preprogrammed parameters for all applicators accordingly. In addition, these devices include a database of PEMF applications collected from clinical trials and comprehensive user feedback. It provides a customized protocol for specific ef- fects. This not only enhances efficiency but also ensures a high level of application safety.

Point #11: Price and Value
(Not the Cheapest but the Best Value/Dollar)
Another critical factor we must consider is price, and it is helpful to understand the justification behind the retail cost of red light beds. A thorough examination of the red light bed market reveals numerous excessively priced options. We need not invest more than $100,000 in any full-body red light bed, regardless of circumstances. However, we must remain cautious of more affordable alternatives, as they may lack a robust warranty, quality assurance, customer support and other essential features reputable manufacturers typically provide. These are usually made in China.
To make an informed decision regarding the purchase of a red light bed, the following considerations are essential:
Value for Investment: Evaluate the bed’s functionalities, performance and overall quality relative to its price, ensuring that you attain optimal value for your expenditure.
Future Expenditures: Reflect on potential long-term costs linked with the bed, especially taking into account maintenance, replacement components, and energy consumption.
Financing Alternatives: Investigate whether the manufacturer offers financing solutions, enabling you to distribute the cost of your investment over a specified period of time, which can be particularly advantageous for business cash flow.
Return on Investment (For Businesses): Analyze the potential revenue generation and return on investment by considering factors such as treatment pricing, client turnover and how the bed will be utilized. This analysis will assist you in determining whether the investment in the red light bed is economically justified, given its prospective financial returns.
(Not the Cheapest but the Best Value/Dollar)
Another critical factor we must consider is price, and it is helpful to understand the justification behind the retail cost of red light beds. A thorough examination of the red light bed market reveals numerous excessively priced options. We need not invest more than $100,000 in any full-body red light bed, regardless of circumstances. However, we must remain cautious of more affordable alternatives, as they may lack a robust warranty, quality assurance, customer support and other essential features reputable manufacturers typically provide. These are usually made in China.
To make an informed decision regarding the purchase of a red light bed, the following considerations are essential:
Value for Investment: Evaluate the bed’s functionalities, performance and overall quality relative to its price, ensuring that you attain optimal value for your expenditure.
Future Expenditures: Reflect on potential long-term costs linked with the bed, especially taking into account maintenance, replacement components, and energy consumption.
Financing Alternatives: Investigate whether the manufacturer offers financing solutions, enabling you to distribute the cost of your investment over a specified period of time, which can be particularly advantageous for business cash flow.
Return on Investment (For Businesses): Analyze the potential revenue generation and return on investment by considering factors such as treatment pricing, client turnover and how the bed will be utilized. This analysis will assist you in determining whether the investment in the red light bed is economically justified, given its prospective financial returns.

Point #12 Does the device have a solid warranty (and make sure to read the fine print).
The warranty provision is another crucial aspect that should spark our inquiries. A thorough warranty and efficient customer support are indispensable for resolving potential issues, offering assurance and safe- guarding our investment.
We must review the specifics of any warranty, including the most minute details. At minimum, we should aim for a five-year comprehensive warranty that includes coverage for any potential malfunctions. While some companies might propose limited warranties, i.e. two-year plans, others may advertise five-year warranties that exclude numerous items (check the fine print). Remarkably, one company out there extends a five-year warranty solely on the bed’s frame, arguably the least of our concerns.
Many companies boast U.S.-based assembly and rigorous quality checks, only to offer a mere two-year warranty. Remember, a comprehensive warranty serves as a reflection of the product’s quality, indicating the manufacturer’s confidence in their design and product.
Additional factors to consider include:
Replacement Policy: Ensure that the warranty includes a straightforward and equitable replacement policy for faulty components, aiming to minimize disruption to business operations and main tain operational continuity.
Maintenance Services: Investigate whether the manufacturer’s warranty offers maintenance services. This provides added value and support, enhancing the longevity of your investment.
Customer Service Reputation: Examine the company’s reputation regarding customer service and their track record in honoring warranties. Assess their estimated response times for issue resolution, which is crucial for reducing potential revenue loss and ensuring efficient problem resolution.
We cannot stress enough how paramount it is to have clarity regarding the warranty’s coverage. We must strive to secure a red light bed that offers a comprehensive five-year “bumper to bumper” warranty, safe-guarding our investment and providing peace of mind.
The warranty provision is another crucial aspect that should spark our inquiries. A thorough warranty and efficient customer support are indispensable for resolving potential issues, offering assurance and safe- guarding our investment.
We must review the specifics of any warranty, including the most minute details. At minimum, we should aim for a five-year comprehensive warranty that includes coverage for any potential malfunctions. While some companies might propose limited warranties, i.e. two-year plans, others may advertise five-year warranties that exclude numerous items (check the fine print). Remarkably, one company out there extends a five-year warranty solely on the bed’s frame, arguably the least of our concerns.
Many companies boast U.S.-based assembly and rigorous quality checks, only to offer a mere two-year warranty. Remember, a comprehensive warranty serves as a reflection of the product’s quality, indicating the manufacturer’s confidence in their design and product.
Additional factors to consider include:
Replacement Policy: Ensure that the warranty includes a straightforward and equitable replacement policy for faulty components, aiming to minimize disruption to business operations and main tain operational continuity.
Maintenance Services: Investigate whether the manufacturer’s warranty offers maintenance services. This provides added value and support, enhancing the longevity of your investment.
Customer Service Reputation: Examine the company’s reputation regarding customer service and their track record in honoring warranties. Assess their estimated response times for issue resolution, which is crucial for reducing potential revenue loss and ensuring efficient problem resolution.
We cannot stress enough how paramount it is to have clarity regarding the warranty’s coverage. We must strive to secure a red light bed that offers a comprehensive five-year “bumper to bumper” warranty, safe-guarding our investment and providing peace of mind.

Point #13 Does the company stand behind their product with a trial period or return policy
Overall, a Return and Refund Policy will encourage consumers to buy from your store and to place trust in your brand. It can even be used as a marketing strategy to attract new customers and increase your sales.
This policy will make the duties and responsibilities of both parties clear so as to avoid any misunderstandings and disagreements. It will also enable customers to find answers to their return-related queries on your website, which will save you time answering questions via email or phone.
Overall, a Return and Refund Policy will encourage consumers to buy from your store and to place trust in your brand. It can even be used as a marketing strategy to attract new customers and increase your sales.
This policy will make the duties and responsibilities of both parties clear so as to avoid any misunderstandings and disagreements. It will also enable customers to find answers to their return-related queries on your website, which will save you time answering questions via email or phone.

Point #14: FDA registration and the Product FDA Cleared?
It is imperative that we inquire whether both the company and its assembly manufacturer are registered with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and if the product itself has received FDA clearance. We should always request tangible proof of active FDA registration and take the initiative to validate this information through the official FDA database, as there are instances where companies and products claim certain things yet lack the necessary registrations and clearances.
This inquiry is crucial because a company’s FDA registration and product clearance, along with other safety and quality certifications, demonstrates their adherence to pertinent regulatory standards. It also highlights that the product has gained endorsements from authoritative bodies, ensuring its safety and effectiveness for users. Simply by confirming their status, we’re taking an informed and proactive step to confirm the legitimacy and compliance of the product and the company behind it, ultimately safeguarding your investment and the well-being of end-users.
It is imperative that we inquire whether both the company and its assembly manufacturer are registered with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and if the product itself has received FDA clearance. We should always request tangible proof of active FDA registration and take the initiative to validate this information through the official FDA database, as there are instances where companies and products claim certain things yet lack the necessary registrations and clearances.
This inquiry is crucial because a company’s FDA registration and product clearance, along with other safety and quality certifications, demonstrates their adherence to pertinent regulatory standards. It also highlights that the product has gained endorsements from authoritative bodies, ensuring its safety and effectiveness for users. Simply by confirming their status, we’re taking an informed and proactive step to confirm the legitimacy and compliance of the product and the company behind it, ultimately safeguarding your investment and the well-being of end-users.

Point #15: High End Customer Service, Training and Support
There are basically two existing distribution channels for home use PEMF systems on
the global market:
A) online-shopping platforms (either exclusive supplier websites or through existing on- line shopping platforms, such as Amazon, eBay etc.)
B) direct selling through independent and certified company distributors of the respec- tive manufacturer. Buying a PEMF system online might be a simple and modern choice. Doing so, please be aware that a fancy website, attracting with all kinds of claims and promises does not necessarily guarantee a competitive, legalized product, nor a reliable customer-oriented professional service and support. The decision to buy a comprehen- sive PEMF system for home use comes with a considerable investment, requiring expert advice. However, in no case should price be the most important criteria in acquiring a device, rather the assurance of an established, well-known manufacturer. Another im- portant criterion is the availability of personal assistance, a service which is offered only by companies that are aware of the responsibility which associates their product. You should be able to receive answers through first-class customer service and/or a contact person to assist. Obtaining a PEMF system through an independent certified manufacturer repre- sentative in your region can give you this confidence. Your assigned representative is also your “first responder” in case of product issues or service requirements which
pertains to the manufacturer. Trusted companies also provide you with real contact people, faces and phone numbers, not
just email addresses and/or contact forms!
There are basically two existing distribution channels for home use PEMF systems on
the global market:
A) online-shopping platforms (either exclusive supplier websites or through existing on- line shopping platforms, such as Amazon, eBay etc.)
B) direct selling through independent and certified company distributors of the respec- tive manufacturer. Buying a PEMF system online might be a simple and modern choice. Doing so, please be aware that a fancy website, attracting with all kinds of claims and promises does not necessarily guarantee a competitive, legalized product, nor a reliable customer-oriented professional service and support. The decision to buy a comprehen- sive PEMF system for home use comes with a considerable investment, requiring expert advice. However, in no case should price be the most important criteria in acquiring a device, rather the assurance of an established, well-known manufacturer. Another im- portant criterion is the availability of personal assistance, a service which is offered only by companies that are aware of the responsibility which associates their product. You should be able to receive answers through first-class customer service and/or a contact person to assist. Obtaining a PEMF system through an independent certified manufacturer repre- sentative in your region can give you this confidence. Your assigned representative is also your “first responder” in case of product issues or service requirements which
pertains to the manufacturer. Trusted companies also provide you with real contact people, faces and phone numbers, not
just email addresses and/or contact forms!

Point #16: Does the device have business and marketing support (and a good affiliate program).
PEMF Therapy has gained significant traction within the health and wellness sector, presenting numerous potential advantages for clients. For business proprietors aiming to effectively generate income via PEMF therapy sessions or sales, it is imperative that they meticulously evaluate vital elements such as client experience, session pricing, accessibility and strategies for acquiring beds. This segment aims to delve into these crucial factors, guiding us towards enhancing client contentment and amplifying sustained revenue for our ventures.
By placing client satisfaction at the forefront, ensuring competitive pricing, and selecting the most apt acquisition strategy tailored to our enterprise, we place ourselves in a perfect position to boost and prolong revenue streams and solidify our standing in the red light therapy domain.
Crucially, we need to acknowledge that the session pricing remains constant, irrespective of the red light bed’s acquisition cost or the method employed to obtain it. By opting for a cost-effective red light bed and upholding competitive pricing for the sessions we offer, our business stands to generate great profits in the long term.
PEMF Therapy has gained significant traction within the health and wellness sector, presenting numerous potential advantages for clients. For business proprietors aiming to effectively generate income via PEMF therapy sessions or sales, it is imperative that they meticulously evaluate vital elements such as client experience, session pricing, accessibility and strategies for acquiring beds. This segment aims to delve into these crucial factors, guiding us towards enhancing client contentment and amplifying sustained revenue for our ventures.
By placing client satisfaction at the forefront, ensuring competitive pricing, and selecting the most apt acquisition strategy tailored to our enterprise, we place ourselves in a perfect position to boost and prolong revenue streams and solidify our standing in the red light therapy domain.
Crucially, we need to acknowledge that the session pricing remains constant, irrespective of the red light bed’s acquisition cost or the method employed to obtain it. By opting for a cost-effective red light bed and upholding competitive pricing for the sessions we offer, our business stands to generate great profits in the long term.
Slew Rate Studies Summary
1) 30-100 T/s (65 T/s average)
2) 30 T/s
3) 30 T/s
4) 30 T/s
5) 18 T/s
6) 10 T/s
7) 40-160 T/s (100 T/s average)
8) 9.5 T/s
9) 15 T/s
10) 17 T/s
11) 17 T/s
12) 17 T/s
13) 5.3 T/s
14) 17 T/s
15) 5.3 T/s
16) 90 T/s
Mean 29,75 T/s
Standard deviation 29 T/s
Original NASA Study
Goodwin, T.J. Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying
Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells. NASA/TP-2003-212054, 2003,
available electronically from: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20030075722/downloads/20030075722.pdf
Considering low-frequency pulses (10 Hz) at very low
intensity, we observed that the shape of the waveform itself is the major
determinant of the observed biological effects.
Robert Dennis Commentary
Dennis, Robert. (2019). Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation - Part I: Overview and First Observations. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 1. 20-35. 10.37714/josam.v1i1.5.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340330953_Inductively_Coupled_Electrical_Stimulation_-_Part_I_Overview_and_First_Observations
1) [30 and 100T/s] Ideal Range 30 & 100 T/s (30 T/s > 10 T/s and 300 T/s too high)
Reduced Bone Loss
Caroline Androjna, Cristal S. Yee, Carter R. White, Erik I. Waldorff, James T. Ryaby, Maciej Zborowski, Tamara Alliston, Ronald J. Midura,
A comparison of alendronate to varying magnitude PEMF in mitigating bone loss and altering bone remodeling in skeletally mature osteoporotic rats, Bone, Volume 143, 2021,115761, ISSN 8756-3282.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S8756328220305494
http://scalarsymphony.health/articles-pemf/A%20comparison%20of%20alendronate%20to%20varying%20magnitude%20PEMF%20in%20mitigating%20bone%20loss%20and%20altering%20bone%20remodeling%20in%20skeletally%20mature%20osteoporotic%20rats.pdf
In this study, the middle range of PEMF slew rate of 30–100 T/s more effectively reduced trabecular bone loss in OVX rats than PEMF treatments with higher or
lower slew rates.
2) [30 T/s > 10 T/s]
Anti-inflammatory [1 hour only needed compared to 3 hour]
Wang M, Li Y, Feng L, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang N, Viohl I, Li G. Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Enhances Healing of a Meniscal Tear and Mitigates Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in a Rat Model. Am J Sports Med. 2022 Aug;50(10):2722-2732.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362008725_Pulsed_Electromagnetic_Field_Enhances_Healing_of_a_Meniscal_Tear_and_Mitigates_Posttraumatic_Osteoarthritis_in_a_Rat_Model/link/62d3be92d351bd24f51e8c58/download
3) [30 T/s > 10 T/s]
Bone healing - Shorter duration needed [1 hour vs 3 hour]
Li Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Bai S, Lu X, Li Y, Waldorff EI, Zhang N, Lee WY, Li G. High slew rate pulsed electromagnetic field enhances bone consolidation and shortens daily treatment duration in distraction osteogenesis. Bone Joint Res. 2021 Dec;10(12):767-779
https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2046-3758.1012.BJR-2021-0274.R1/pdf
4) [30 T/s > 10 T/s]
Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis
Li, Yucong & Qi, Pan & Zhang, Nianli & Wang, Bin & Yang, Zhengmeng & Ryaby, James & Waldorff, Erik & Lee, Wayne & Li, Gang. (2020). A novel pulsed electromagnetic field promotes distraction osteogenesis via enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis in a rat model. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation. 25. 10.1016/j.jot.2020.10.007.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346483744_A_novel_pulsed_electromagnetic_field_promotes_distraction_osteogenesis_via_enhancing_osteogenesis_and_angiogenesis_in_a_rat_model
5) 18 T/s
Smith, T.L., Wong-Gibbons, D. and Maultsby, J. (2004), Microcirculatory effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields. J. Orthop. Res., 22: 80-84.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1016/S0736-0266%2803%2900157-8
Microcirculation - The study hypothesis was that PEMF would increase arteriolar diameters, a potential mechanism involved in the healing process. These results support the hypothesis that local application o f a specific PEMF waveform can elicit significant arteriolar vasodilation
Although the percent increase in diameterfollowing PEMF stimulation appears modest, it is im-portant to recall that resistance to blood flow, as defined by Poiseuille's law) [Pwa-zoiz law], is inversely proportional to the radius of the vessel, to the fourth power
Resistance = 8u*length/pi*radius^4 (u is the viscosity)
Therefore, because arterial flow to a tissue is determined by arterial pressure divided by resistance, a small increase in the vessel radius translates into a large decreasein resistance and a dramatic increase in flow
6) Bob Dennis Rabbit Bone 10 T/s > 5 T/s
Bone regeneration
Dennis, Robert. (2020). Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation - Part 2: Optimization of parameters for orthopedic injuries and pain. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 1. 10.37714/josam.v1i2.27.
https://www.josam.org/josam/article/view/27/25#:~:text=The%20optimal%20magnetic%20waveform%20slew,%3D%3E%20100%20kG%2Fs
7) Bob Dennis Inflammation 160 T/s, 120 T/s, 40 T/s
Hubbard, Devin. (2020). Electroceutical Technology: Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of 40-160 T/S Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation (ICES) In The Acute Inflammation Model. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 2. 1-50. 10.37714/josam.v2i2.38
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcp.21025
8) 9.5 T/s Successful
Bone Healing
Spadaro, J.A. & Bergstrom, W.H.. (2002). In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Net Calcium Flux in Rat Calvarial Bone. Calcified tissue international. 70. 496-502. 10.1007/s00223-001-1001-6.
https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A12%3A11965132/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A15247064&crl=c
9) 15 t/s works
Bone / Tendon Healing
Tucker, J.J., Cirone, J.M., Morris, T.R., Nuss, C.A., Huegel, J., Waldorff, E.I., Zhang, N., Ryaby, J.T. and Soslowsky, L.J. (2017), Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy improves tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff repair model. J. Orthop. Res., 35: 902-909
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jor.23333
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy improves tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff repair model
Overall, results suggest that PEMF improves early tendon-to-bone healing specifically through an improvement of tendon mechanical properties. We speculate that PEMF treatment may increase tendon cell metabolism, in turn increasing matrix production and collagen remodeling, reflected in improved mechanical properties and increased collagen alignment. A small rotator cuff repair clinical trial utilizing a different PEMF signal demonstrated early increases in range of motion and functional scores.14 Our findings provide further evidence of improvements in mechanical properties and matrix organization, supporting further investigation into clinical use of this therapy for various PEMF waveforms.
10) 17 T/s
chondrogenesis - cartilage (bone, joints)
Parate, D., Franco-Obregón, A., Fröhlich, J. et al. Enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis with short-term low intensity pulsed electromagnetic fields. Sci Rep 7, 9421 (2017).
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-09892-w
Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that provides smooth, low-friction surfaces for joints, supports and shapes various body structures, and acts as a shock absorbe
Cartilage plays a role in the growth and repair of bones and joints.
Damage to cartilage can lead to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chondritis.
11) 1.5 mT within ∼50 ms (∼17 T/s)
Craig Jun Kit Wong, Yee Kit Tai, Jasmine Lye Yee Yap, Charlene Hui Hua Fong, Larry Sai Weng Loo, Marek Kukumberg, Jürg Fröhlich, Sitong Zhang, Jing Ze Li, Jiong-Wei Wang, Abdul Jalil Rufaihah, Alfredo Franco-Obregón, Brief exposure to directionally-specific pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulates extracellular vesicle release and is antagonized by streptomycin: A potential regenerative medicine and food industry paradigm,Biomaterials, Volume 287, 2022, 121658, ISSN 0142-9612
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961222002988
Myoblast culure - Myogenesis / Muscle regeneration
12) 17 T/s
Parate, D., Kadir, N.D., Celik, C. et al. Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 11, 46 (2020).
https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-020-1566-5
Cartilage Regeneration
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can separate into various cell types, including: Bone cells, called osteoblasts. Cartilage cells, termed chondrocytes.
13) 5.3 T/s worked
Nerve Regeneration
Sisken, Betty. (2021). Enhancement of Nerve Regeneration by Selected Electromagnetic Signals.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352001966_Enhancement_of_Nerve_Regeneration_by_Selected_Electromagnetic_Signals
14) 17 T/s Breast Cancer
Frequency 20 to 50 Hz
2mT - 5mT
30-90 minutes per day
Crocetti S, Beyer C, Schade G, Egli M, Fröhlich J, Franco-Obregón A. Low intensity and frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields selectively impair breast cancer cell viability. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 11;8(9):e72944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072944. PMID: 24039828; PMCID: PMC3770670.
Conclusion: Based on our data it appears that PEMF-based anticancer strategies may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat breast cancer without affecting normal tissues in a manner that is non-invasive and can be potentially combined with existing anti-cancer treatments.
15) 5.3 T/s worked
Dallari D, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Del Piccolo N, Stagni C, Amendola L, Rani N, Gnudi S, Giardino R. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic stimulation on patients undergoing hip revision prostheses: a randomized prospective double-blind study. Bioelectromagnetics. 2009 Sep;30(6):423-30.
16) 90 T/s worked
Martino CF, Belchenko D, Ferguson V, Nielsen-Preiss S, Qi HJ. The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the cellular activity of SaOS-2 cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 2008 Feb;29(2):125-32.
Magnetic magic specs is at the heart of all good PMF research.
75% of studies are between 1-10mT (MM is 4-5 mT)
The average of 16 successful, slew rate studies is 30 T/s
The square wave is the most clinically effective waveform
The large coils allow for a better penetration and more even distribution than other PEMF devices
MM is properly engineer to minimize electrosmog , impedance mismatches ,
1) 30-100 T/s (65 T/s average)
2) 30 T/s
3) 30 T/s
4) 30 T/s
5) 18 T/s
6) 10 T/s
7) 40-160 T/s (100 T/s average)
8) 9.5 T/s
9) 15 T/s
10) 17 T/s
11) 17 T/s
12) 17 T/s
13) 5.3 T/s
14) 17 T/s
15) 5.3 T/s
16) 90 T/s
Mean 29,75 T/s
Standard deviation 29 T/s
Original NASA Study
Goodwin, T.J. Physiological and Molecular Genetic Effects of Time-Varying
Electromagnetic Fields on Human Neuronal Cells. NASA/TP-2003-212054, 2003,
available electronically from: https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20030075722/downloads/20030075722.pdf
Considering low-frequency pulses (10 Hz) at very low
intensity, we observed that the shape of the waveform itself is the major
determinant of the observed biological effects.
Robert Dennis Commentary
Dennis, Robert. (2019). Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation - Part I: Overview and First Observations. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 1. 20-35. 10.37714/josam.v1i1.5.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/340330953_Inductively_Coupled_Electrical_Stimulation_-_Part_I_Overview_and_First_Observations
1) [30 and 100T/s] Ideal Range 30 & 100 T/s (30 T/s > 10 T/s and 300 T/s too high)
Reduced Bone Loss
Caroline Androjna, Cristal S. Yee, Carter R. White, Erik I. Waldorff, James T. Ryaby, Maciej Zborowski, Tamara Alliston, Ronald J. Midura,
A comparison of alendronate to varying magnitude PEMF in mitigating bone loss and altering bone remodeling in skeletally mature osteoporotic rats, Bone, Volume 143, 2021,115761, ISSN 8756-3282.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S8756328220305494
http://scalarsymphony.health/articles-pemf/A%20comparison%20of%20alendronate%20to%20varying%20magnitude%20PEMF%20in%20mitigating%20bone%20loss%20and%20altering%20bone%20remodeling%20in%20skeletally%20mature%20osteoporotic%20rats.pdf
In this study, the middle range of PEMF slew rate of 30–100 T/s more effectively reduced trabecular bone loss in OVX rats than PEMF treatments with higher or
lower slew rates.
2) [30 T/s > 10 T/s]
Anti-inflammatory [1 hour only needed compared to 3 hour]
Wang M, Li Y, Feng L, Zhang X, Wang H, Zhang N, Viohl I, Li G. Pulsed Electromagnetic Field Enhances Healing of a Meniscal Tear and Mitigates Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis in a Rat Model. Am J Sports Med. 2022 Aug;50(10):2722-2732.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/362008725_Pulsed_Electromagnetic_Field_Enhances_Healing_of_a_Meniscal_Tear_and_Mitigates_Posttraumatic_Osteoarthritis_in_a_Rat_Model/link/62d3be92d351bd24f51e8c58/download
3) [30 T/s > 10 T/s]
Bone healing - Shorter duration needed [1 hour vs 3 hour]
Li Y, Yang Y, Wang M, Zhang X, Bai S, Lu X, Li Y, Waldorff EI, Zhang N, Lee WY, Li G. High slew rate pulsed electromagnetic field enhances bone consolidation and shortens daily treatment duration in distraction osteogenesis. Bone Joint Res. 2021 Dec;10(12):767-779
https://boneandjoint.org.uk/Article/10.1302/2046-3758.1012.BJR-2021-0274.R1/pdf
4) [30 T/s > 10 T/s]
Osteogenesis and Angiogenesis
Li, Yucong & Qi, Pan & Zhang, Nianli & Wang, Bin & Yang, Zhengmeng & Ryaby, James & Waldorff, Erik & Lee, Wayne & Li, Gang. (2020). A novel pulsed electromagnetic field promotes distraction osteogenesis via enhancing osteogenesis and angiogenesis in a rat model. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation. 25. 10.1016/j.jot.2020.10.007.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/346483744_A_novel_pulsed_electromagnetic_field_promotes_distraction_osteogenesis_via_enhancing_osteogenesis_and_angiogenesis_in_a_rat_model
5) 18 T/s
Smith, T.L., Wong-Gibbons, D. and Maultsby, J. (2004), Microcirculatory effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields. J. Orthop. Res., 22: 80-84.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1016/S0736-0266%2803%2900157-8
Microcirculation - The study hypothesis was that PEMF would increase arteriolar diameters, a potential mechanism involved in the healing process. These results support the hypothesis that local application o f a specific PEMF waveform can elicit significant arteriolar vasodilation
Although the percent increase in diameterfollowing PEMF stimulation appears modest, it is im-portant to recall that resistance to blood flow, as defined by Poiseuille's law) [Pwa-zoiz law], is inversely proportional to the radius of the vessel, to the fourth power
Resistance = 8u*length/pi*radius^4 (u is the viscosity)
Therefore, because arterial flow to a tissue is determined by arterial pressure divided by resistance, a small increase in the vessel radius translates into a large decreasein resistance and a dramatic increase in flow
6) Bob Dennis Rabbit Bone 10 T/s > 5 T/s
Bone regeneration
Dennis, Robert. (2020). Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation - Part 2: Optimization of parameters for orthopedic injuries and pain. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 1. 10.37714/josam.v1i2.27.
https://www.josam.org/josam/article/view/27/25#:~:text=The%20optimal%20magnetic%20waveform%20slew,%3D%3E%20100%20kG%2Fs
7) Bob Dennis Inflammation 160 T/s, 120 T/s, 40 T/s
Hubbard, Devin. (2020). Electroceutical Technology: Anti-Inflammatory Effects Of 40-160 T/S Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation (ICES) In The Acute Inflammation Model. The Journal of Science and Medicine. 2. 1-50. 10.37714/josam.v2i2.38
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcp.21025
8) 9.5 T/s Successful
Bone Healing
Spadaro, J.A. & Bergstrom, W.H.. (2002). In Vivo and In Vitro Effects of a Pulsed Electromagnetic Field on Net Calcium Flux in Rat Calvarial Bone. Calcified tissue international. 70. 496-502. 10.1007/s00223-001-1001-6.
https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A12%3A11965132/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A15247064&crl=c
9) 15 t/s works
Bone / Tendon Healing
Tucker, J.J., Cirone, J.M., Morris, T.R., Nuss, C.A., Huegel, J., Waldorff, E.I., Zhang, N., Ryaby, J.T. and Soslowsky, L.J. (2017), Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy improves tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff repair model. J. Orthop. Res., 35: 902-909
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jor.23333
Pulsed electromagnetic field therapy improves tendon-to-bone healing in a rat rotator cuff repair model
Overall, results suggest that PEMF improves early tendon-to-bone healing specifically through an improvement of tendon mechanical properties. We speculate that PEMF treatment may increase tendon cell metabolism, in turn increasing matrix production and collagen remodeling, reflected in improved mechanical properties and increased collagen alignment. A small rotator cuff repair clinical trial utilizing a different PEMF signal demonstrated early increases in range of motion and functional scores.14 Our findings provide further evidence of improvements in mechanical properties and matrix organization, supporting further investigation into clinical use of this therapy for various PEMF waveforms.
10) 17 T/s
chondrogenesis - cartilage (bone, joints)
Parate, D., Franco-Obregón, A., Fröhlich, J. et al. Enhancement of mesenchymal stem cell chondrogenesis with short-term low intensity pulsed electromagnetic fields. Sci Rep 7, 9421 (2017).
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-09892-w
Cartilage is a specialized connective tissue that provides smooth, low-friction surfaces for joints, supports and shapes various body structures, and acts as a shock absorbe
Cartilage plays a role in the growth and repair of bones and joints.
Damage to cartilage can lead to conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and chondritis.
11) 1.5 mT within ∼50 ms (∼17 T/s)
Craig Jun Kit Wong, Yee Kit Tai, Jasmine Lye Yee Yap, Charlene Hui Hua Fong, Larry Sai Weng Loo, Marek Kukumberg, Jürg Fröhlich, Sitong Zhang, Jing Ze Li, Jiong-Wei Wang, Abdul Jalil Rufaihah, Alfredo Franco-Obregón, Brief exposure to directionally-specific pulsed electromagnetic fields stimulates extracellular vesicle release and is antagonized by streptomycin: A potential regenerative medicine and food industry paradigm,Biomaterials, Volume 287, 2022, 121658, ISSN 0142-9612
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0142961222002988
Myoblast culure - Myogenesis / Muscle regeneration
12) 17 T/s
Parate, D., Kadir, N.D., Celik, C. et al. Pulsed electromagnetic fields potentiate the paracrine function of mesenchymal stem cells for cartilage regeneration. Stem Cell Res Ther 11, 46 (2020).
https://stemcellres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13287-020-1566-5
Cartilage Regeneration
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can separate into various cell types, including: Bone cells, called osteoblasts. Cartilage cells, termed chondrocytes.
13) 5.3 T/s worked
Nerve Regeneration
Sisken, Betty. (2021). Enhancement of Nerve Regeneration by Selected Electromagnetic Signals.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352001966_Enhancement_of_Nerve_Regeneration_by_Selected_Electromagnetic_Signals
14) 17 T/s Breast Cancer
Frequency 20 to 50 Hz
2mT - 5mT
30-90 minutes per day
Crocetti S, Beyer C, Schade G, Egli M, Fröhlich J, Franco-Obregón A. Low intensity and frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields selectively impair breast cancer cell viability. PLoS One. 2013 Sep 11;8(9):e72944. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072944. PMID: 24039828; PMCID: PMC3770670.
Conclusion: Based on our data it appears that PEMF-based anticancer strategies may represent a new therapeutic approach to treat breast cancer without affecting normal tissues in a manner that is non-invasive and can be potentially combined with existing anti-cancer treatments.
15) 5.3 T/s worked
Dallari D, Fini M, Giavaresi G, Del Piccolo N, Stagni C, Amendola L, Rani N, Gnudi S, Giardino R. Effects of pulsed electromagnetic stimulation on patients undergoing hip revision prostheses: a randomized prospective double-blind study. Bioelectromagnetics. 2009 Sep;30(6):423-30.
16) 90 T/s worked
Martino CF, Belchenko D, Ferguson V, Nielsen-Preiss S, Qi HJ. The effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on the cellular activity of SaOS-2 cells. Bioelectromagnetics. 2008 Feb;29(2):125-32.
Magnetic magic specs is at the heart of all good PMF research.
75% of studies are between 1-10mT (MM is 4-5 mT)
The average of 16 successful, slew rate studies is 30 T/s
The square wave is the most clinically effective waveform
The large coils allow for a better penetration and more even distribution than other PEMF devices
MM is properly engineer to minimize electrosmog , impedance mismatches ,